Iivalvu zebhabhathane ezitywiniweyo ezithambileyozisetyenziswa kakhulu ekunikezelweni kwamanzi kunye nokutsalwa kwamanzi, kwi-HVAC, kunyango lwamanzi, kukhuseleko lomlilo, nakwiinkqubo zemibhobho yemizi-mveliso ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo kakuhle kokutywina, ukulula kokusebenza, kunye neendleko eziphakathi. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokutywina okuthembekileyo kunye nobomi benkonzo ende kwivalvu nganye, inkqubo yemveliso ibandakanya iinkqubo ezingqongqo zokuvelisa kunye nokuhlola.
Inyathelo 1: Ukuthengwa kunye nokulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza
Izinto ezifunekayo ekuvelisweni kweevalvu zebhabhathane ezitywiniweyo zithengwa ngokwemiyalelo yabathengi, imizobo yoyilo, kunye nemigangatho yobugcisa.
Izinto eziphambili ziquka:
* Izixhobo zomzimba wevalvu: Intsimbi ye-Ductile (GGG40, GGG50), i-WCB/LCB/LCC, intsimbi engagqwaliyo, njl.njl.;
* Izixhobo zediski yevalvu: Intsimbi ye-Ductile, i-CF8, i-CF8M, intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-duplex engu-2205, njl.;
* Izixhobo zesiqu sevalvu: SS410, SS420, SS431, intsimbi engagqwaliyo eyi-17-4PH, njl.njl.;
* Izixhobo zesihlalo sevalvu: Izinto zerabha okanye zepolymer ezifana ne-EPDM, i-NBR, i-PTFE, i-FKM, njl.njl.;
* Izinto ezincedisayo: Izinto zokubopha, iiphini, ii-bushings, njl.
Zonke izixhobo kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho efanelekileyo yamazwe ngamazwe kunye neemfuno zabathengi.
Inyathelo lesi-2: Ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziluhlaza
Xa zifika kumzi-mveliso, izinto ezikrwada ziyahlolwa ngokupheleleyo lisebe lolawulo lomgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso. Izinto zokuhlola ziquka ikakhulu:
2.1 Uhlalutyo lokwakheka kweekhemikhali;
* Uhlalutyo lwe-metallurgical microscope lwe-nodularity kwi-ductile iron:
Ibanga | Ubunzima
Ibanga loku-1 | ≥90%
Ibanga lesi-2 | 80–90%
Ibanga lesi-3 | 70–80%
Ibanga lesi-4 | 60–70%
Ibanga lesi-5 | <60%
* Uhlalutyo lweSpectrometer:
Umxholo wekhabhoni
Umxholo weChromium
Umxholo weNickel
Umxholo weMolybdenum
Ubungakanani besalfure kunye ne-phosphorus
Qinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wezinto ezibonakalayo uhambelana nesatifikethi sezinto ezibonakalayo esinikwe ngumthengisi.
2.2 Ukuhlolwa kobukhulu;
Ubukhulu bokubumba/bokubumba oburhabaxa abufuni buchule bugqithisileyo, njengoko ukucubungula okulandelayo komgca wokuhlanganisa kubandakanya uhlolo oluqinileyo nolunezigaba ezininzi. Ubukhulu kufuneka buthelekiswe nemizobo kunye nezibonelelo ezigciniweyo (oko kukuthi, ubukhulu akufuneki bube ngaphantsi kwesibonelelo esincinci somatshini).
* Umzimba weValve:
Ububanzi obungaphandle beFlange/ubukhulu bodonga
Ubukhulu bobuso ngobuso (ubude besakhiwo)
Ukuphakama komzimba wevalvu
Ubukhulu beflengi ephezulu
Ububanzi bangaphakathi bendlela yokuhamba
* Idiski yeValve:
Ububanzi obungaphandle
Ubukhulu besikhungo/ubukhulu bomphetho
* Isiqu sevalvu:
Ububanzi
Ubude
* Isihlalo seValve:
Ububanzi obungaphandle
Ububanzi bangaphakathi
2.3 Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo;
Ukuhlolwa okubalulekileyo: Hlola umzimba wevalvu kunye nediski ukuze ubone ukuba akukho zimfanta, kukho iimbobo, kukho izinto ezifakwe kwi-slag, njl.njl.; hlola isihlalo ukuze ubone ukuba akukho zimfanta okanye iziphene zezinto (izinto ezingekhoyo).
2.4 Uphononongo lwamaxwebhu oqinisekiso lwezinto.
Izatifikethi zezinto eziphathekayo zihlala zihamba nokuthunyelwa, zichaza ukwakheka kweekhemikhali, iimpawu zomzimba, kunye namanani okulandelela afana namanani obushushu.
Inyathelo lesi-3: Ukwenziwa kwezixhobo kunye nokuveliswa kwazo
Izinto ezisetyenziswa kudala eziphumelele uhlolo ziya kwiworkshop yoomatshini be-CNC.
3.1 Umatshini wokulungisa umzimba wevalvu
Iumzimba wevalvuifuna ezi nkqubo zilandelayo:
* Ukulungiswa kobuso beFlange;
* Umatshini wokutywina umphezulu;
* Umatshini wokwenza i-shaft bore;
* Umatshini we-flange ophezulu;
* Ukubhoboza, ukucofa, njl.njl.
Iiparamitha zolawulo oluphambili:
Ukuxinana kwe-coaxiality
Ukuthe tyaba
Ukuchaneka kwendawo yomngxuma
Qinisekisa ukuba ubukhulu bofakelo buhambelana nemigangatho efana ne-ISO 5211, EN 593, kunye ne-API 609.
3.2 Umatshini wokulungisa iidiski zevalvu
* Umatshini wokutywina (umjikelo ongaphandle);
* Umatshini wokudibanisa umngxuma wesiqu.
Qinisekisa ukuba unxibelelwano olusebenzayo lokutywina phakathi kwediski yevalvu kunye nesihlalo sevalvu.
* Umatshini wokulungisa iKeyway;
* Ukuphelisa umatshini wokulungisa;
* Ukupolisha.
La manyathelo enziwa ukuphucula ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye nokuchaneka kwendibano.
3.4 Ukuveliswa kweZitulo zeeValve
Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwivalvu yebhabhathane ethambileyo. Nokuba uvelisa isihlalo esithambileyo esinokutshintshwa, isihlalo esiqinileyo, okanye isihlalo esivundisiweyo,
Inyathelo lokuqala kukuxuba irabha ngokwefomula ethile ukuze kwenziwe isiseko serabha.
Ngokwesiqhelo, izinto eziphambili ezifana nerabha yendalo kunye nekhabhoni emnyama zongezwa ngomlinganiselo othile, kunye nezongezo ezahlukeneyo.
Iifomula ezahlukeneyo zichonga:
Ukumelana nobushushu
Ukumelana nokugqwala
Iseti yoxinzelelo
Inyathelo lesibini libandakanya ukucinezela i-compound ngomatshini ibe ngamaphepha erabha kunye nokuvavanya iimpawu zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nokumisela ubushushu kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo lokubumba.
Kwinyathelo lokugqibela, emva kokwelulwa koomatshini, izinto ziya kudlula:
* Ukubumba ngoxinzelelo—kwizihlalo ezithambileyo ezinokutshintshwa;
* Ukuvuselelwa kwezihlalo ezivulcanized;
* Ukubopha irabha nentsimbi—kwizihlalo eziqinileyo;
Oku kuqinisekisa ubungakanani obuchanekileyo besihlalo, ukuthamba okufanayo, kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo kokutywina.
Inyathelo lesi-4: Ukulinganisa okuchanekileyo
Emva kokwenza imisebenzi yokugaya elandelelanayo,ubukhulu obuchanekileyoyecandelo kufuneka ilinganiswe apha.
* Umzimba weValve:
Ububanzi obungaphandle beFlange/ubukhulu bodonga
Ububanzi bomngxuma weFlange, i-PCD
Ubukhulu bobuso ngobuso (ubude besakhiwo)
Ukuphakama komzimba wevalvu
Ubukhulu beflegi ephezulu, ububanzi, ububanzi bomngxuma, i-PCD
Ububanzi bangaphakathi bendlela yokuhamba
* Idiski yeValve:
Ububanzi obungaphandle
Ubukhulu besikhungo
Ubukhulu bomphetho
Ukuthe tyaba
* Isiqu seValve:
Ububanzi
Ubude
Ubukhulu beKeyway
Ukuthe tye
* Isihlalo seValve:
Ububanzi obungaphandle
Ububanzi bangaphakathi
Inyathelo lesi-5: Unyango Lomphezulu kunye Nokugquma Okuchasene Nokugqwala
Emva kokwenziwa kwesinyithi, izinto zesinyithi ziyanyangwa ngaphezulu.
Iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
* Ukuqhumisa isanti: Ukusebenzisa isinyithi esikhawulezayo ukususa isikali, umhlwa, ioyile, kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo;
* Ukuqhotsa kunye nokudlulisa (izinto zentsimbi engagqwaliyo kuphela);
* Ukupholisha nge-electro (izinto zentsimbi engagqwaliyo kuphela).
Imiphezulu yomzimba wevalvu idla ngokugqunywa nge-epoxy resin powder coating.
Ubukhulu bengubo buqhele ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-250 μm, nto leyo ephucula ngempumelelo ukumelana nokugqwala kwemveliso, ubomi benkonzo, kunye nomtsalane wobuhle.
Iingubo ezikhethekileyo zokulwa nokugqwala zinokusetyenziswa kumanzi olwandle, ekucutshungulweni kweekhemikhali, okanye kwiindawo ezingcolisa kakhulu. Inyathelo lesi-6: Ukuhlanganiswa kweValve yeButterfly
Emva komatshini wokusebenza nokuhlolwa, zonke izinto zidluliselwa kwindawo yokugcina izinto.
Inyathelo lesi-6: Ukuhlanganiswa kweValve yeButterfly
Iinkqubo yokuhlanganisaikakhulu ibandakanya:
1. Ukufaka isihlalo sevalvu;
2. Ukufaka iibhushings zesiqu sevalvu;
③. Ukufaka idiski yevalvu;
④. Ukulungisa indawo ephakathi kwediski yevalvu;
⑤. Ukufaka izikhondo zevalvu ephezulu nesezantsi;
⑥. Ukufaka iiphini okanye iindlela zoqhagamshelo;
2. Ukufaka isiphatho, ibhokisi yegiya ye-worm, i-actuator yomoya, okanye i-actuator yombane;
⑧. Ukulungisa imida yokuhamba yokuvula/yokuvala.
Ulawulo oluqinileyo lwe-coaxiality kunye ne-mating clearances luyadingeka ngexesha lokuhlanganiswa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokutywinwa okuthembekileyo.
Inyathelo lesi-7: Uhlolo kunye noLawulo loMgangatho
Uhlolo oluphakathi lwenziwa emva kokuhlanganiswa.
Izinto eziphambili zokuhlola ziquka:
* Umgangatho wokubonakala kweValve: ukugquma, ilogo, njl.njl.;
* Ubukhulu bemveliso: ubukhulu boqhagamshelo lweflange, ubukhulu beflange ephezulu;
* I-engile yokuvula/yokuvala: ukuqinisekisa ukuba idiski yevalvu ikwindawo echanekileyo xa i-actuator ivuliwe okanye ivaliwe ngokupheleleyo;
* I-torque esebenzayo: ukusebenzisa isikrufu se-torque ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-torque ikwinqanaba elamkelekileyo;
* Isimo sokuhlanganiswa kwecandelo.
Abasebenzi abalawula umgangatho baqinisekisa into nganye ngokwemigangatho yokuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso iyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo.
Inyathelo lesi-8: Uvavanyo loxinzelelo kunye nokusebenza
Yonkeivalvu yebhabhathane yesihlalo esithambileyoivavanywa ngokuqatha ngaphambi kokuba iphume efektri, ngokwesiqhelo ihambelana nemigangatho ye-API 598 okanye ye-EN 12266.
Uvavanyo lwe-8.1 lwamandla egobolondo
Ukusebenzisa uxinzelelo oluthile—ngokuqhelekileyo uxinzelelo oluphindwe kayi-1.5 kunolo lusebenzayo—ngaphakathi komzimba wevalvu ukuqinisekisa amandla omzimba kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo.
8.2 Uvavanyo lokutywina
Ngokwesiqhelo kwenziwa ngoxinzelelo olusebenzayo oluphindwe kayi-1.1 ukujonga ukuvuza xa ivalvu ikwindawo evaliweyo.
Iimidiya zovavanyo zihlala ziquka:
* Amanzi acocekileyo;
* Umoya ocinezelweyo;
* I-nitrogen (ngeemfuno ezikhethekileyo).
Iivalvu zebhabhathane ezithambileyo zihlala zifuneka ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemigangatho yokungavuzi nto.
Uvavanyo lobomi bomjikelo kunye novavanyo lobushushu obuphezulu/obuphantsi lunokwenziwa ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Inyathelo 9: Ukupakishwa kunye nokuthunyelwa
Emva kokuphumelela iimvavanyo, imveliso iyaqhubeka nokupakishwa kokugqibela.
Amanyathelo okulungiselela kwangaphambili aquka:
* Ukucoca imveliso;
* Ufakelo lwegama;
* Ukufakwa kwesatifikethi sokuvumelana;
* Ukugcinwa kweerekhodi zokuhlolwa. Iindlela zokupakisha zikhethwa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zothutho:
* Isigqubuthelo seebhamuza sokukhusela uthuli kunye neempembelelo;
* Abahluli bekhadibhodi;
* Iibhokisi zeplywood;
*Qaphela: Ukupakisha igwebu kungasetyenziswa xa kuyimfuneko.*
Okokugqibela, isebe lokugcina impahla lilungiselela ukulayishwa nokuthunyelwa kweekhonteyina ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zithunyelwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwindawo yomthengi.
Isishwankathelo
Ukwenziwa kweevalvu zebhabhathane ezithambileyo kubandakanya okungaphezulu kakhulu kunokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezilula; kubandakanya amanqanaba amaninzi, kubandakanya ulawulo lwezinto, umatshini wokulungisa ngokuchanekileyo, ukubumba irabha, unyango lomphezulu, ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokuqaliswa, kunye novavanyo oluqatha. Kuphela ngolawulo olupheleleyo lwemveliso kunye neenkqubo zokulawula umgangatho apho sinokuqinisekisa ukuba yonke ivalvu yebhabhathane ethambileyo isebenza ngokuthembekileyo nangokuzinzileyo ixesha elide kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemibhobho yemizi-mveliso.