Iivalvu zebhabhathaneZifumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi kwimizi-mveliso kwaye ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ukuhamba kolwelo olwahlukeneyo kwimibhobho. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo xa ukhetha kwaye usebenzisa ivalvu yebhabhathane kukukala kwayo okuphezulu koxinzelelo. Ukuqonda olu luhlu kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kweenkqubo zolwelo.
Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga ingcamango yomlinganiselo ophezulu woxinzelelo olunokumelana nevalvu yebhabhathane, size sifunde impembelelo kuxinzelelo olulinganisiweyo kwizinto ezifana noyilo lwevalvu yebhabhathane, izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ukutywinwa, njl.njl.
Ingakanani ingcinezelo ephezulu?
Umlinganiselo ophezulu woxinzelelo lwevalvu yebhabhathane ubhekisa kuxinzelelo oluphezulu apho ivalvu yebhabhathane inokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa okanye ukuphazamisa ukusebenza. Ezi zilandelayo zizinto ezininzi ezimisela umlinganiselo ophezulu woxinzelelo lwevalvu yebhabhathane.
1. Izinto zevalvu yebhabhathane
Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza umzimba wevalvu, ipleyiti yevalvu, isiqu sevalvu kunye nesihlalo sevalvu zezona zinto ziphambili ekumiseleni umlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwevalvu yebhabhathane. Izinto ezinamandla okutsalwa, ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nozinzo lobushushu zinokumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Umzekelo, iivalvu zebhabhathane zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zinokumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu ngenxa yokumelana kwazo nokugqwala okugqwesileyo.
Iisihlalo sevalvuizinto zokutywinakuya kuchaphazela namandla okuthwala uxinzelelo lwevalvu yebhabhathane. Umzekelo, i-EPDM, i-NBR, njl.njl. zisetyenziswa kakhulu njengezixhobo zokutywina zerabha, kodwa amandla azo okuthwala uxinzelelo anqongophele. Kwizicelo ezifunekayo ukumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu, ezinye izixhobo zokutywina ezinganyangekiyo uxinzelelo zinokukhethwa.
2. Ulwakhiwo lwevalvu yebhabhathane
Ulwakhiwo lwevalvu yebhabhathane yenye into ebalulekileyo echaphazela uxinzelelo lwevalvu yebhabhathane. Umzekelo, ivalvu yebhabhathane ethambileyo esembindini isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi, ezizezi PN6-PN25. Uyilo lwevalvu yebhabhathane eneemilo ezimbini luphucula ukusebenza kokutywina ngokutshintsha ulwakhiwo lwepleyiti yebhabhathane kunye nesihlalo sevalvu ukuze imelane noxinzelelo olukhulu.
3. Ubukhulu bodonga lomzimba wevalvu yebhabhathane
Kukho ulwalamano olulinganayo phakathi kobukhulu bodonga lomzimba wevalvu kunye noxinzelelo. Ngokwesiqhelo xa uxinzelelo lwevalvu luphezulu, umzimba wevalvu yebhabhathane utyebile ukuze ulungele amandla asetyenziswayo xa uxinzelelo lolwelo lusanda.
4. Imigangatho yoyilo loxinzelelo lwevalvu yebhabhathane
Imigangatho yoyilo lwevalvu yebhabhathane iya kuchaza uxinzelelo oluphezulu enokulunyamezela. Iivalvu zebhabhathane zenziwe ngokuhambelana ne-API (i-American Petroleum Institute), i-ASME (i-American Society of Mechanical Engineers), i-ISO (i-International Organisation for Standardization) kunye neminye imigangatho yoshishino, kwaye ziyavavanywa kwaye zihlolwe ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ivalvu yebhabhathane iyahlangabezana nenqanaba loxinzelelo elichaziweyo.
Ngaba iiValve zeButterfly zilungile kwiNgxaki ephezulu?
Iivalvu zebhabhathane zinokwahlulwa zibe ziivalvu zebhabhathane ezisebenzisa i-vacuum, iivalvu zebhabhathane ezisebenzisa i-low-pressure, iivalvu zebhabhathane ezisebenzisa i-medium-pressure, kunye neevalvu zebhabhathane ezisebenzisa i-high-pressure ngokwe-nominal pressure.
1). Ivalvu yebhabhathane evalwayo—ivavu yebhabhathane enoxinzelelo olusebenzayo oluphantsi kunoxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lomoya.
2).Ibhabhathane elinoxinzelelo oluphantsiivalvu—ivalufu yebhabhathane ene-PN yoxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo engaphantsi kwe-1.6MPa.
3). Ivalvu yebhabhathane enoxinzelelo oluphakathi—ivavu yebhabhathane enoxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-PN 2.5~6.4MPa.
4). Ivalvu yebhabhathane enoxinzelelo oluphezulu—ivavu yebhabhathane enoxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-PN10.0~80.0MPa.
Uxinzelelo oluphezulu olulinganisiweyo lwevalvu yebhabhathane lufana nesiphumo sepleyiti emfutshane yebhakethi. Umthamo wamanzi uxhomekeke kwipleyiti emfutshane. Kunjalo nakwixabiso eliphezulu loxinzelelo lwevalvu yebhabhathane.
Ngoko ke singawubona njani umgangatho ophezulu woxinzelelo?
Inkqubo yokufumanisa umlinganiselo ophezulu woxinzelelo lwevalvu yebhabhathane luluhlu lweemvavanyo ezenziwa ngumvelisi ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwevalvu kunye nokufumanisa umlinganiselo wayo woxinzelelo. Ezi mvavanyo zingabandakanya:
1. Uhlalutyo lwezinto
Yenza uhlalutyo lwe-metallographic kwiinxalenye zevalvu yebhabhathane ukuqinisekisa iipropati zezinto, kwaye wenze uvavanyo loomatshini ukuqinisekisa ukuba ivalvu yebhabhathane iyahlangabezana nemigangatho emiselweyo yamandla, ukuguquguquka, njl.njl.
2. Uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic
Ivalvu ifakwa kuxinzelelo lolwelo olungaphezulu koxinzelelo lwayo oluphezulu (ngesiqhelo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi okanye aphezulu) ukuze kuvavanywe ukuqina kwesakhiwo sayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo kokuvala.
1). Ukulungiselela ngaphambi kovavanyo
Ngaphambi kokuba wenze uvavanyo lwe-hydraulic ye-butterfly valve, kufuneka kwenziwe la malungiselelo alandelayo:
a)Jonga ukuthembeka kwezixhobo zovavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uvavanyo lunokwenziwa ngokukhuselekileyo nangendlela eqhelekileyo.
b)Qinisekisa ukuba ivalvu yebhabhathane ifakwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye uqhagamshelo nomatshini wokulinganisa uxinzelelo luvalwe kakuhle.
c)Khetha ipompo yamanzi enoxinzelelo olufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxinzelelo lovavanyo kunye nesantya sokuhamba kwamanzi ziyahlangabezana neemfuno.
d)Susa inkunkuma enokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo ngexesha lovavanyo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba indawo yovavanyo icocekile kwaye icocekile.
2). Amanyathelo ovavanyo
a)Okokuqala vala ivalvu kwivalvu yebhabhathane, uze uvule ipompo yamanzi, uze unyuse uxinzelelo lwamanzi kancinci kancinci ukuze ufikelele kuxinzelelo lovavanyo.
b)Gcina uxinzelelo lovavanyo ixesha elithile kwaye ujonge ukuba kukho ukuvuza okujikeleze ivalvu yebhabhathane. Ukuba kukho ukuvuza, kufuneka kulungiswe kwangethuba.
c)Emva kwexesha lokuvavanya, yehlisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi kancinci kancinci uze ucoce ivalvu yebhabhathane kunye nomatshini wokulinganisa uxinzelelo ukuze uphephe amabala amanzi emva kovavanyo.
3). Iindlela zovavanyo
Kukho iindlela ezilandelayo zovavanyo lwe-hydraulic lwe-butterfly valve:
a)Indlela yokuvavanya uxinzelelo olungaguqukiyo: Misa ipompo yamanzi, gcina uxinzelelo lovavanyo kangangeyure eli-1 ukuya kwezi-2, kwaye ujonge ukuba kukho ukuvuza okujikeleze ivalvu yebhabhathane.
b)Indlela yovavanyo loxinzelelo olutshintshayo: Ngelixa ugcina ukuhamba kovavanyo kunye noxinzelelo, vula ivalvu yebhabhathane, ujonge ukuba ivalvu isebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo na, kwaye ujonge ukuba kukho ukuvuza okujikeleze yona.
c)Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lomoya: Faka uxinzelelo lomoya okanye lwegesi kwivalvu yebhabhathane ukuze ulinganise iimeko zokusebenza kwaye uvavanye impendulo yayo kutshintsho loxinzelelo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo phantsi kweemeko eziguqukayo.
d)Uvavanyo lokuhamba ngebhayisikile: Ivalvu yebhabhathane ijikeleziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo phakathi kweendawo ezivulekileyo nezivaliweyo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo ukuze kuvavanywe ukuqina kwayo kunye nokuthembeka kokutywina.
Kutheni kufuneka kuchongwe umlinganiselo ophezulu woxinzelelo lwevalvu yebhabhathane?
Ukuchonga umlinganiselo ophezulu woxinzelelo kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe ivalvu yebhabhathane efanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwaye kuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphakathi kwemida yoxinzelelo echaziweyo.
1. Ukuhambelana kwesicelo
Khetha ivalvu yebhabhathane enomlinganiselo woxinzelelo odlula uxinzelelo oluphezulu lokusebenza olunokwenzeka kwinkqubo yemibhobho ukuthintela ukugcwala kwevalvu yebhabhathane.
2. Izinto eziqwalaselwayo ngamaqondo obushushu
Cinga ngotshintsho lobushushu kwinkqubo yolwelo, kungekuphela nje ngenxa yokwanda nokuncipha kobushushu. Ubushushu obuphezulu buya kubangela ukunyuka koxinzelelo lolwelo, kwaye ubushushu obuphezulu buya kuchaphazela iimpawu zezinto zevalvu kwaye bunciphise amandla ayo okuphatha uxinzelelo.
3. Ukhuseleko lokunyuka koxinzelelo
Faka izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo okanye izixhobo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo ukuze kuncitshiswe ukunyuka koxinzelelo kwaye ukhusele ivalvu yebhabhathane ekunyukeni koxinzelelo ngequbuliso okugqitha amandla ayo amiselweyo.
Ngamafutshane, uxinzelelo oluphezulu olunokuthiivalvu yebhabhathaneIyakwazi ukumelana nayo ixhomekeke kuyilo lwayo, izinto ezisetyenziswayo, ulwakhiwo, kunye nendlela yokuyivala. Uvavanyo oluphezulu loxinzelelo luphawu olubalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kweevalvu zebhabhathane. Ngokuqonda izinto ezichaphazela uvavanyo loxinzelelo, indlela ezichongwa ngayo, kunye nempembelelo yazo ekukhethweni nasekusetyenzisweni kweevalvu zebhabhathane, ivalvu yebhabhathane efanelekileyo inokukhethwa ngokuchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kwevalvu yebhabhathane ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.