1. Yintoni ivalvu yebhabhathane ye-EN593?
Ivalvu yebhabhathane ye-EN593 ibhekisa kwivalvu yebhabhathane yesinyithi eyilwe kwaye yenziwa ngokuhambelana nomgangatho we-BS EN 593:2017, onesihloko esithi “Iivalvu Zezimboni - Iivalvu Zebhabhathane Zensimbi Jikelele.” Lo mgangatho upapashwe yiBritish Standards Institution (BSI) kwaye uhambelana nemigangatho yaseYurophu (EN), ubonelela ngesakhelo esibanzi soyilo, izixhobo, ubungakanani, uvavanyo, kunye nokusebenza kweevalvu zebhabhathane.
Iivalvu zebhabhathane ze-EN593 zibonakaliswa ziivalvu zazo zesinyithi kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa, ezifana nohlobo lwe-wafer, uhlobo lwe-lug, okanye olune-double-flanged. Ezi valve zebhabhathane zinokusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo kunye nobushushu. Lo mgangatho uqinisekisa ukuba iivalvu ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokhuseleko, ukuqina, ukuhambelana, kunye nokuthembeka.
2. Iimpawu eziphambili ze-EN593 Butterfly Valves
* Ukusebenza kwekota yokujika: Iivalvu zebhabhathane zisebenza ngokujikeleza idiski yevalvu ngama-90 degrees, nto leyo evumela ulawulo lokuhamba kwamanzi olukhawulezayo nolusebenzayo.
* Uyilo oluncinci: Xa kuthelekiswa neevalvu zesango, iivalvu zebhola, okanye iivalvu zeglobe, iivalvu zebhabhathane zilula kwaye zigcina indawo, nto leyo ezenza zilungele ukufakwa kwindawo encinci.
* Uqhagamshelo oluhlukeneyo lwesiphelo: Lufumaneka kwi-wafer, i-lug, i-double flange, i-single flange, okanye uyilo lwe-U, oluhambelana neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zepayipi.
* Ukumelana nokugqwala: Yenziwe ngezinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ezimelana nokugqwala ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwiindawo ezigqwala.
* I-torque ephantsi: Yenzelwe ukunciphisa iimfuno ze-torque, ivumela ukuzenzekela nge-actuators ezincinci kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.
* Ukuvalwa kwe-Zero-leakage: Iivalvu ezininzi ze-EN593 zinezihlalo ezithambileyo okanye izihlalo zesinyithi, ezibonelela ngokuvalwa okuqinileyo ukuze kusebenze ngokuthembekileyo.
3. BS EN 593: 2017 Iinkcukacha ezisemgangathweni
Ukusukela ngo-2025, umgangatho we-BS EN 593 wamkela inguqulelo ka-2017. I-EN593 sisikhokelo esibanzi seevalvu zebhabhathane zesinyithi, esichaza iimfuno ezisezantsi zoyilo, izixhobo, ubukhulu, kunye novavanyo. Oku kulandelayo yintshayelelo eneenkcukacha kwimixholo ephambili yomgangatho, exhaswa yidatha yoshishino.
3.1. Ububanzi bomgangatho
I-BS EN 593:2017 isebenza kwiivalvu zebhabhathane zesinyithi ngeenjongo eziqhelekileyo, kubandakanya ukuhlukaniswa, ukulawulwa, okanye ulawulo lokuhamba kolwelo. Igubungela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeevalvu ezinemibhobho yokudibanisa, ezinje ngezi:
* Uhlobo lwe-wafer: Ifakwe phakathi kweeflange ezimbini, inesakhiwo esincinci kunye noyilo olukhaphukhaphu.
* Uhlobo lwe-Lug: Inemingxuma yokufaka enemisonto, efanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwiziphelo zepayipi.
* I-Double-flanged: Inee-flanges ezidibeneyo, ezibotshelelwe ngqo kwii-flanges zepayipi.
* I-single-flanged: Inee-integral flanges ecaleni kwe-axis yomzimba wevalvu.
* Uhlobo lwe-U: Uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwevalvu yohlobo lwe-wafer eneziphelo ezimbini zeflange kunye nobukhulu obuncinci bokujonga ubuso ngobuso.
3.2. Uluhlu loxinzelelo kunye nobungakanani
I-BS EN 593:2017 ichaza uluhlu loxinzelelo kunye nobungakanani beevalvu zebhabhathane:
* Uvavanyo loxinzelelo:
- PN 2.5, PN 6, PN 10, PN 16, PN 25, PN 40, PN 63, PN 100, PN 160 (uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwaseYurophu).
- Iklasi ye-150, iKlasi yama-300, iKlasi yama-600, iKlasi yama-900 (uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwe-ASME).
* Uluhlu lobungakanani:
- DN 20 ukuya kwi DN 4000 (ububanzi obuqhelekileyo, malunga ne 3/4 intshi ukuya kwi 160 intshi).
3.3. Iimfuno zoYilo kunye noKwenziwa kweMveliso
Lo mgangatho uchaza iikhrayitheriya ezithile zoyilo ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokusebenza kwevalvu:
* Izinto zomzimba wevalvu: Iivalvu maziveliswe ngezinto zesinyithi ezifana nentsimbi ethambileyo, intsimbi yekhabhoni (ASTM A216 WCB), intsimbi engatyiwayo (ASTM A351 CF8/CF8M), okanye ibronze yealuminiyam (C95800).
* Uyilo lwediski yevalvu: Idiski yevalvu isenokuba phakathi okanye ingaqhelekanga (ingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuguguleka kwesihlalo kunye ne-torque).
* Izinto zesihlalo sevalvu: Izitulo zevalvu zinokwenziwa ngezinto ezithambileyo (ezifana nerabha okanye i-PTFE) okanye izinto zesinyithi, kuxhomekeke kwindlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo. Izitulo ze-elastiki zibonelela ngokuvala okungavuzi nto, ngelixa izitulo zesinyithi nazo kufuneka zimelane namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nokugqwala ukongeza ekufezekiseni ukungavuzi nto.
* Ubukhulu bokujonga ubuso ngobuso: Kufuneka ihambelane nemigangatho ye-EN 558-1 okanye ye-ISO 5752 ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyahambelana neenkqubo zemibhobho.
* Ubukhulu beFlange: Iyahambelana nemigangatho efana ne-EN 1092-2 (PN10/PN16), ANSI B16.1, ASME B16.5, okanye i-BS 10 Table D/E, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwevalvu.
* I-Actuator: Iivalvu zingasetyenziswa ngesandla (ngesiphatho okanye ngebhokisi yegiya) okanye zisebenze ngokuzenzekelayo (i-actuator yomoya, yombane, okanye ye-hydraulic). I-flange ephezulu kufuneka ihambelane nemigangatho ye-ISO 5211 ukuze kusebenze ukufakwa kwe-actuator eqhelekileyo.
3.4. Uvavanyo kunye nokuhlolwa
Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokusebenza, i-BS EN 593:2017 ifuna uvavanyo oluqatha:
* Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic: Luqinisekisa ukuba ivalvu ayinakuvuza xa ixinzelelwe.
* Uvavanyo lokusebenza: Uqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye ne-torque efanelekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezilinganisiweyo.
* Uvavanyo lokuvuza: Qinisekisa ukutywinwa okuqinileyo kwesihlalo sevalvu ye-elastic ngokwemigangatho ye-EN 12266-1 okanye ye-API 598.
* Isiqinisekiso sokuhlola: Umenzi kufuneka anike iingxelo zovavanyo kunye nokuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho.
3.5. Ukusetyenziswa kweeValve zeButterfly ze-EN593
* Unyango lwaManzi: Lawula kwaye wahlukanise ukuhamba kwamanzi acocekileyo, amanzi olwandle, okanye amanzi amdaka. Izinto kunye neengubo ezimelana nokugqwala zenza ukuba zilungele iindawo ezinobungozi.
* Amashishini eeKhemikhali kunye neePetrochemical: Ukuphatha ulwelo olubolayo olufana nee-asidi, ii-alkalis, kunye nezinyibilikisi, ukuxhamla kwizinto ezifana nezihlalo ze-PTFE kunye neediski zevalvu ezine-PFA.
* Ioyile negesi: Ukulawula ulwelo olunoxinzelelo oluphezulu, olushushu kakhulu kwiipayipi, kwiindawo zokucocisa, nakwiiplatifomu zaselwandle. Uyilo oluphindwe kabini luyathandwa ngenxa yokuqina kwalo phantsi kwezi meko.
* Iinkqubo ze-HVAC: Ukulawula ukuhamba komoya, amanzi, okanye ifriji kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza nokupholisa.
* Ukuveliswa kombane: Ukulawula umphunga, amanzi okupholisa, okanye ezinye izinto ezikwizitishi zombane.
* Amashishini okutya namayeza: Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezihambelana ne-FDA (ezifana ne-PTFE kunye ne-WRA-certified EPDM) ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungenangcoliseko kunye nokuhlangabezana nemigangatho yococeko.
3.6. Ukugcinwa kunye nokuhlolwa
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide, iivalvu zebhabhathane ze-EN593 zifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo:
* Amaxesha okuhlolwa: Hlola rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kunyaka omnye ukuze ubone ukuba akukho ngxaki yokuguguleka, ukugqwala, okanye ukusebenza.
* Ukuthambisa: Nciphisa ukungqubana kwaye wandise ubomi bevalvu.
* Ukuhlolwa kweSihlalo seValve kunye neSeal: Qinisekisa ukuthembeka kwezihlalo zevalve ezithambileyo okanye zesinyithi ukuthintela ukuvuza.
* Ukugcinwa kwe-Actuator: Qinisekisa ukuba ii-actuator zomoya okanye zombane azinazo inkunkuma kwaye zisebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo.
4. Uthelekiso nezinye ii-API zeMigangatho 609
Nangona i-BS EN 593 isebenza kushishino ngokubanzi, yahlukile kumgangatho we-API 609, owenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kweoyile negesi. Umahluko ophambili uquka:
* Ingqwalasela yesicelo: I-API 609 igxile kwiindawo zeoyile negesi, ngelixa i-BS EN 593 igubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini, kubandakanya unyango lwamanzi kunye nokuveliswa ngokubanzi.
* Uvavanyo loxinzelelo: I-API 609 idla ngokugubungela iKlasi 150 ukuya kwiKlasi 2500, ngelixa i-BS EN 593 ibandakanya i-PN 2.5 ukuya kwi-PN 160 kunye neKlasi 150 ukuya kwiKlasi 900.
* Uyilo: I-API 609 igxininisa kwizixhobo ezimelana nokugqwala ukuze zimelane neemeko ezinzima, ngelixa i-BS EN 593 ivumela ukukhethwa kwezinto eziguquguqukayo ngakumbi.
* Uvavanyo: Zombini ezi migangatho zifuna uvavanyo oluqatha, kodwa i-API 609 ibandakanya iimfuno ezongezelelweyo zoyilo olungatshiyo, nto leyo ibalulekileyo kwizicelo zeoyile negesi.
5. Isiphelo
| Uphawu | Izinto eziphambili ezichazwe yi-EN 593 |
| Uhlobo lweValve | Iivalvu zebhabhathane zesinyithi |
| Umsebenzi | Isandla, igiya, umoya, umbane |
| Ubukhulu Bobuso Ngobuso | Ngokwe-EN 558 Series 20 (i-wafer/i-lug) okanye i-Series 13/14 (efakwe i-flanged) |
| Uvavanyo loxinzelelo | Ngokwesiqhelo i-PN 6, i-PN 10, i-PN 16 (ingahluka) |
| Ubushushu boYilo | Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo |
| Ukuhambelana kweFlange | I-EN 1092-1 (iiflange ze-PN), i-ISO 7005 |
| Imigangatho yoVavanyo | I-EN 12266-1 yovavanyo loxinzelelo kunye nokuvuza |
Umgangatho we-BS EN 593:2017 ubonelela ngesakhelo esomeleleyo soyilo, ukwenziwa, kunye nokuvavanywa kweevalvu zebhabhathane zesinyithi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwazo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusebenza kwazo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Ngokulandela iimfuno zomgangatho zovavanyo loxinzelelo, ubungakanani, izixhobo, kunye novavanyo, abavelisi banokuvelisa iivalvu ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yomgangatho wehlabathi.
Nokuba ufuna iivalvu zebhabhathane eziluhlobo lwe-wafer, uhlobo lwe-lug, okanye ezimbini, ukuthobela umgangatho we-EN 593 kuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo, ukuqina, kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo lolwelo.