1. Yintoni ivalve yebhabhathane yepneumatic?
Ivalve yebhabhathane yepneumatic yivalve yokujika kwekota esetyenziselwa ukulawula okanye ukwahlula ukuhamba kwamanzi kumbhobho. Iqukethe idiski ejikelezayo (ehlala ibizwa ngokuba yi "disc") efakwe kwisiqu, esijikeleza ngaphakathi kumzimba wevalve. "I-pneumatic" ibhekiselele kwindlela yokuvula, esebenzisa umoya ocinezelekileyo ukuze isebenze ivalve, eyenza ulawulo olukude okanye oluzenzekelayo.
Ivalve yebhabhathane yepneumatic inokohlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini aphambili: i-actuator yomoya kunye nevalve yebhabhathane.
· Umzimba wevalve yebhabhathane: Uquka umzimba wevalvu, idiski (idiski), isiqu, kunye nesitulo. Idiski ijikeleza kwisiqu ukuvula nokuvala ivalve.
· I-pneumatic actuator: Isebenzisa umoya ocinezelweyo njengomthombo wamandla, iqhuba ipiston okanye ivane ukuvelisa intshukumo yomgama okanye ejikelezayo.
Amacandelo Angundoqo
*Ivalufa yebhabhathane:
- Umzimba weValve: Izindlu ezihlala idiski kwaye ziqhagamshela kumbhobho.
- Idiskhi (idiski): Ipleyiti emcaba okanye ephakame kancinci elawula ukuhamba. Xa ibanjwe ngokuhambelana necala lokuhamba, ivalve iyavula; xa ibanjwe perpendicular, ivale.
- Isiqu: Intonga exhunywe kwidiski ehambisa amandla ajikelezayo ukusuka kwi-actuator.
- Izitywina kunye nezihlalo: Qinisekisa ukuvalwa okuqinileyo kwaye uthintele ukuvuza.
*Umxhasi
-I-pneumatic actuator: Ngokuqhelekileyo ipiston okanye uhlobo lwe-diaphragm, luguqula uxinzelelo lomoya lube yintshukumo yomatshini. Inokuthi isebenze kabini (uxinzelelo lomoya kokubini ukuvula nokuvala) okanye ukwenza enye (umoya kwicala elinye, intwasahlobo yokubuyisela).
2. UMgaqo wokuSebenza
Ukusebenza kwevalve yebhabhathane yepneumatic yinkqubo ebotshelelweyo "yokunyanzeliswa komoya→i actuator actuator→Ukujikeleza kwediskhi ukulawula ukuhamba." Ukubeka nje, amandla omoya (umoya ocinezelweyo) aguqulwa abe yintshukumo ejikelezayo yokubeka idiski.
2.1. Inkqubo yokuSebenza:
- Umoya ocinezelweyo ovela kumthombo wangaphandle (njenge-compressor okanye inkqubo yokulawula) unikezelwa kwi-actuator ye-pneumatic.
- Kwi-actuator esebenza kabini, umoya ungena kwelinye izibuko ukujikelezisa isikhondo sevalve ngasekunene (okt, ukuvula ivalve), kwaye ungene kwelinye izibuko ukuze uyijikelezise ngasekunene. Oku kuvelisa intshukumo yomgca kwipiston okanye kwi-diaphragm, eguqulwa ibe yi-90-degree yokujikeleza nge-rack-and-pinion okanye indlela ye-Scotch-yoke.
- Kwi-actuator ebambeleyo enye, uxinzelelo lomoya lutyhala ipiston ngokuchasene nentwasahlobo ukuze ivule ivalve, kwaye ukukhulula umoya kuvumela intwasahlobo ukuyivala ngokuzenzekelayo (uyilo olungaphumeleliyo).
2.2. Ukusebenza kweValve:
- Njengoko i-actuator ijikeleza isiqu sevalve, idiski ijikeleza ngaphakathi kumzimba wevalvu.
- Isikhundla esivulekileyo: I-disc ihambelana nolwalathiso lokuhamba, ukunciphisa ukuchasana kunye nokuvumela ukuhamba okupheleleyo kwipayipi. - Isikhundla esivaliweyo: I-disc ijikeleza i-90 degrees, i-perpendicular to flow, ivalela i-passage kunye nokutywinwa kwisihlalo.
- Isikhundla esiphakathi sinokujikeleza ukuhamba, nangona iivalve zebhabhathane zifaneleke ngakumbi kwinkonzo yokucima kunolawulo oluchanekileyo ngenxa yeempawu zabo zokuhamba ezingaqhelekanga.
2.3. Ulawulo kunye neNgxelo:
- I-actuator idla ngokudityaniswa nevalve ye-solenoid okanye isihleli solawulo oluchanekileyo ngemiqondiso yombane.
-Inzwa inokubonelela ngengxelo yendawo yevalvu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwiinkqubo ezizenzekelayo.
3. Ukwenza umntu omnye kunye nokuBambela kabini
3.1 IActuator eBambela kabini (Akukho Buyisa eNtwasahlobo)
I-actuator inamagumbi amabini episton aphikisanayo. Umoya ocinezelekileyo ulawulwa yivalve ye-solenoid, etshintshana phakathi kwegumbi "lokuvula" kunye "nokuvalwa":
Xa umoya ocinezelweyo ungena kwindawo "evulayo", ityhala ipiston, ibangela ukuba isiqu sevalve sijike siye ngasekunene (okanye ngasekunene, ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo), nto leyo ijikelezisa idiski ukuvula umbhobho.
Xa umoya ocinezelweyo ungena kwigumbi "lokuvala", ityhala ipiston kwelinye icala, ibangela ukuba isikhondo sevalve sijikelezise idiskhi ngasekunene, ivale umbhobho. Iimpawu: Xa umoya ocinezelweyo ulahlekile, i-disc ihlala kwindawo yayo yangoku ("i-fail-safe").
3.2 IActuator eSebenzayo (enembuyekezo yaseNtwasahlobo)
I-actuator inegumbi elinye lokungenisa umoya, elinesiphethu sokubuya kwelinye icala:
Xa umoya uhamba: Umoya ocinezelekileyo ungena kwigumbi lokungena, ukoyisa amandla asentwasahlobo ukutyhala ipiston, ebangela ukuba idiski ijikeleze kwindawo "evulekileyo" okanye "evaliweyo";
Xa umoya ulahlekile: Amandla entwasahlobo akhululwa, etyhala i-piston ngasemva, ebangela ukuba i-disc ibuyele kwi-preset "indawo yokhuseleko" (ngokuqhelekileyo "ivaliwe", kodwa inokuthi yenziwe ukuba "ivule").
Iimpawu: Inomsebenzi "we-fail-safe" kwaye ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifuna amanyathelo okhuseleko, njengalawo abandakanya imidiya enokutsha, eqhumayo, kunye netyhefu.
4. Izinto eziluncedo
Iivalvu zebhabhathane zepneumatic zilungele ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza, ngokuqhelekileyo zifuna ukujika kwekota kuphela, zizenze zilungele amashishini afana nokucocwa kwamanzi, i-HVAC, kunye nokulungiswa kweekhemikhali.
- Ixesha lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza ngenxa ye-actuation ye-pneumatic.
- Ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nokugcinwa lula xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zombane okanye olwenziwa ngamanzi.
- Uyilo olubambekayo kunye nolukhaphukhaphu.