1. Yintoni ivalvu yebhabhathane ephuma emoyeni?
A ivalvu yebhabhathane enomoyayivalvu ejika ikota esetyenziselwa ukulawula okanye ukwahlukanisa ukuhamba kolwelo kwipayipi. Iqulathe idiski ejikelezayo (edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi "disc") efakwe kwisiqu, ejikeleza ngaphakathi komzimba wevalvu. Igama elithi "Pneumatic" libhekisa kwindlela yokusebenza, esebenzisa umoya ocinezelweyo ukusebenzisa ivalvu, ivumela ulawulo olukude okanye oluzenzekelayo.
Ivalvu yebhabhathane ephefumulayo inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziinxalenye ezimbini ezibalulekileyo: i-actuator ye-pneumatic kunye nevalvu yebhabhathane.
· Umzimba wevalvu yebhabhathane: Uqulathe umzimba wevalvu, idiski (idiski), isiqu, kunye nesihlalo. Idiski ijikeleza isiqu ukuze ivule kwaye ivale ivalvu.
· I-actuator ye-pneumatic: Isebenzisa umoya ocinezelweyo njengomthombo wamandla, iqhuba i-piston okanye i-vane ukuvelisa intshukumo ethe tye okanye ejikelezayo.
Izinto eziphambili
*Ivalvu yebhabhathane:
- Umzimba weValve: Indlu egcina idiski kwaye iqhagamshela kumbhobho.
- Idiski (idiski): Ipleyiti ethe tyaba okanye ephakanyisiweyo kancinci elawula ukuhamba kwamanzi. Xa ibanjwe ngakwicala lokuhamba kwamanzi, ivalvu iyavuleka; xa ibanjwe ngokuthe nkqo, iyavaleka.
- Isiqu: Intonga eqhagamshelwe kwidiski edlulisela amandla okujikeleza ukusuka kwi-actuator.
- Izitywino nezihlalo: Qinisekisa ukuba zivaliwe kakuhle kwaye uthintele ukuvuza.
*Isixhobo sokulungisa izinto
- I-actuator ye-pneumatic: Ngokwesiqhelo iluhlobo lwe-piston okanye i-diaphragm, iguqula uxinzelelo lomoya lube yintshukumo yoomatshini. Inokuba yi-double-acting (uxinzelelo lomoya lokuvula nokuvala) okanye isebenze kanye (umoya kwicala elinye, intwasahlobo yokubuyela).
2. Umgaqo-nkqubo Wokusebenza
Ukusebenza kwevalvu yebhabhathane ephefumlayo ngokusisiseko yinkqubo ebotshelelweyo "yokusebenza komoya ocinezelweyo"→ukusebenza kwe-actuator→ukujikeleza kweediski ukulawula ukuhamba." Ngamafutshane, amandla omoya (umoya ocinezelweyo) aguqulwa abe yintshukumo yoomatshini ejikelezayo ukuze idiski ibekwe endaweni yayo.
2.1. Inkqubo yokuqalisa:
- Umoya ocinezelweyo ovela kumthombo wangaphandle (njenge-compressor okanye inkqubo yokulawula) unikezelwa kwi-actuator ye-pneumatic.
- Kwi-actuator esebenza kabini, umoya ungena kwelinye izibuko ukuze ujikeleze isiqu sevalvu ngokwewotshi (oko kukuthi, ukuvula ivalvu), uze ungene kwelinye izibuko ukuze ujikelezise ngokuchasene newotshi. Oku kuvelisa intshukumo ethe tye kwipiston okanye kwi-diaphragm, eguqulwa ibe kukujikeleza kwama-90 degrees yi-rack-and-pinion okanye i-Scotch-yoke mechanism.
- Kwi-actuator esebenza kanye, uxinzelelo lomoya lutyhala i-piston kwi-spring ukuze ivule i-valve, kwaye ukukhulula umoya kuvumela i-spring ukuba iyivale ngokuzenzekelayo (uyilo olukhuselekileyo).
2.2. Ukusebenza kweValve:
- Njengoko i-actuator ijikeleza isiqu sevalvu, idiski ijikeleza ngaphakathi komzimba wevalvu.
- Indawo evulekileyo: Idiski ihambelana necala lokuhamba, inciphisa ukumelana kwaye ivumela ukuhamba ngokupheleleyo kwipayipi. - Indawo evaliweyo: Idiski ijikeleza iidigri ezingama-90, ijikeleze ngqo kukuhamba, ivala indlela kwaye ivale isihlalo.
- Indawo ephakathi inokwenza ukuhamba kwe-throttle, nangona iivalvu zebhabhathane zilungele ngakumbi inkonzo yokuvula kunokuba zilungelelaniswe ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yeempawu zazo zokuhamba ezingezizo ezomgca.
2.3. Ulawulo kunye neNgxelo:
- I-actuator idla ngokudityaniswa nevalvu ye-solenoid okanye i-positioner ukuze kulawulwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokusebenzisa imiqondiso yombane.
- Isensor inokubonelela ngempendulo yendawo yevalvu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwiinkqubo ezizenzekelayo.
3. Ukudlala ngaxeshanye kunye nokwenza kabini
3.1 I-Actuator Esebenza Kabini (Akukho Buyiselo lwaseNtwasahlobo)
I-actuator inee-piston chambers ezimbini ezichaseneyo. Umoya ocinezelweyo ulawulwa yi-solenoid valve, etshintshana phakathi kwe-"opening" kunye ne-"closing" chambers:
Xa umoya ocinezelweyo ungena kwigumbi "lokuvula", utyhala i-piston, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-valve stem ijikeleze ngokwewotshi (okanye ngokuchasene newotshi, kuxhomekeke kuyilo), nto leyo ejika idiski ukuze ivule umbhobho.
Xa umoya ocinezelweyo ungena kwigumbi "lokuvala", utyhala i-piston kwelinye icala, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-valve stem ijikeleze idiski ngokuchasene newotshi, ivale umbhobho. Iimpawu: Xa umoya ocinezelweyo ulahlekile, idiski ihlala kwindawo yayo yangoku ("ikhuselekile ekungaphumeleli").
3.2 I-Actuator Esebenza Ngomnye (ene-Spring Return)
I-actuator inegumbi lokungenisa umoya elinye kuphela, elinentwasahlobo yokubuyela kwelinye icala:
Xa umoya uphuma: Umoya ocinezelweyo ungena kwigumbi lokungena, woyisa amandla entwasahlobo okutyhala i-piston, nto leyo ebangela ukuba idiski ijikeleze iye kwindawo "evulekileyo" okanye "evaliweyo";
Xa umoya ulahlekile: Amandla entwasahlobo ayakhululwa, atyhale i-piston ngasemva, nto leyo ebangela ukuba idiski ibuyele "kwindawo yokhuseleko" esele icwangcisiwe (idla ngokuba "ivaliwe", kodwa inokwenziwa ukuba "ivuleke").
Iimpawu: Inomsebenzi "okhuselekileyo" kwaye ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifuna amanyathelo okhuseleko, njengalawo aquka izinto ezitshayo, eziqhumayo, nezinobungozi.
4. Iingenelo
Iivalvu zebhabhathane zomoyazilungele ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza, zihlala zifuna ukujika ikota kuphela, nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke kumashishini afana nokucoca amanzi, i-HVAC, kunye nokucubungula iikhemikhali.
- Ixesha lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokusebenza komoya.
- Ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nokugcinwa okulula xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zombane okanye ze-hydraulic.
- Uyilo oluncinci nolukhaphukhaphu.