Yintoni iWater Hammer?
Ihamile yamanzi kuxa kukho umbane ocinyiweyo ngequbuliso okanye xa ivalvu ivaliwe ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ngenxa yokungabi namandla kokuhamba kwamanzi ngoxinzelelo, kuvela ihamile yokutsha kwamanzi, njengokutshaya kwehamile, ngoko ke ibizwa ngokuba yihamile yamanzi. Amandla adalwa ngamaza okutsha amanzi abuyela umva naphambili, ngamanye amaxesha amakhulu kakhulu, anokonakalisa iivalvu kunye neempompo.
Xa ivalvu evulekileyo ivalwe ngequbuliso, amanzi ahamba ngokuchasene nevalvu kunye nodonga lombhobho, nto leyo edala uxinzelelo. Ngenxa yodonga olugudileyo lombhobho, ukuhamba kwamanzi okulandelayo kukhawuleza kufikele kwinqanaba eliphezulu phantsi kwesenzo se-inertia kwaye kuvelisa umonakalo. Le yi-"water hammer effect" kwi-fluid mechanics, oko kukuthi, i-water hammer elungileyo. Le nto kufuneka iqwalaselwe ekwakhiweni kwemibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, emva kokuba ivalvu evaliweyo ivulwe ngequbuliso, iya kuvelisa nehammer yamanzi, ebizwa ngokuba yihammer yamanzi engalunganga. Ikwanayo namandla athile okutshabalalisa, kodwa ayinkulu njengeyokuqala. Xa iyunithi yepompo yamanzi yombane ilahlekelwa ngumbane ngequbuliso okanye iqala ukusebenza, iya kubangela noxinzelelo kunye nefuthe lehammer yamanzi. Igagasi loxinzelelo lolu xinzelelo lisasazeka ecaleni kombhobho, nto leyo enokukhokelela kuxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lombhobho, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqhekekeni kombhobho kunye nomonakalo kwizixhobo. Ke ngoko, ukhuseleko lwefuthe lehammer yamanzi luye lwaba lolunye lwezona teknoloji ziphambili kubunjineli bokubonelela ngamanzi.
Iimeko zesando samanzi
1. Ivalvu ivuleka okanye ivale ngequbuliso;
2. Iyunithi yempompo yamanzi iyayeka okanye iyaqalisa ngequbuliso;
3. Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi ngombhobho omnye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo (umahluko wokuphakama komhlaba wonikezelo lwamanzi udlula iimitha ezingama-20);
4. Intloko iyonke (okanye uxinzelelo olusebenzayo) yepompo inkulu;
5. Isantya samanzi kumbhobho wamanzi sikhulu kakhulu;
6. Umbhobho wamanzi mde kakhulu kwaye umhlaba utshintsha kakhulu.
Iingozi zehamile yamanzi
Ukunyuka koxinzelelo okubangelwa yihamile yamanzi kunokufikelela amaxesha amaninzi okanye amashumi amaninzi kuxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lokusebenza lombhobho. Ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo olukhulu kangaka kubangela umonakalo kwinkqubo yombhobho ikakhulu ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1. Kubangela ukungcangcazela okukhulu kombhobho kunye nokuqhawuka kombhobho;
2. Ivalvu yonakele, kwaye uxinzelelo olukhulu luphezulu kakhulu ukuba lungadala ukuba umbhobho uqhume, kwaye uxinzelelo lothungelwano lwamanzi luyancipha;
3. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba uxinzelelo luphantsi kakhulu, umbhobho uya kuwa, kwaye ivalvu kunye neendawo zokulungisa ziya konakala;
4. Yenza ukuba ipompo yamanzi ibuyele umva, yonakalise izixhobo okanye imibhobho kwigumbi lokumpompa, ibangele ukuba igumbi lokumpompa lintywiliswe ngamanzi, ibangele iingozi zabantu kunye nezinye iingozi ezinkulu, kwaye ichaphazele imveliso kunye nobomi.
Amanyathelo okukhusela ukususa okanye ukunciphisa ihamile yamanzi
Kukho amanyathelo amaninzi okukhusela kwi-water hammer, kodwa amanyathelo ahlukeneyo kufuneka athathwe ngokwezizathu ezinokubakho ze-water hammer.
1. Ukunciphisa isantya sokuhamba kombhobho wamanzi kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwehammer yamanzi ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, kodwa kuya kwandisa ububanzi bombhobho wamanzi kwaye kwandise utyalo-mali lweprojekthi. Xa kubekwa imibhobho yamanzi, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukuthintela ii-humps okanye utshintsho olukhulu kwithambeka. Ubungakanani behammer yamanzi xa ipompo imisiwe bunxulumene kakhulu nentloko yejometri yegumbi lepompo. Okukhona intloko yejometri iphezulu, kokukhona ihammer yamanzi inkulu xa ipompo imisiwe. Ke ngoko, intloko yepompo efanelekileyo kufuneka ikhethwe ngokweemeko zangempela zasekuhlaleni. Emva kokumisa ipompo kwingozi, linda de umbhobho ongasemva kwevalvu yokujonga uzaliswe ngamanzi ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ipompo. Musa ukuyivula ngokupheleleyo ivalvu yokuphuma yepompo yamanzi xa uqalisa ipompo, kungenjalo kuya kubakho impembelelo enkulu yamanzi. Uninzi lweengozi ezinkulu zehammer yamanzi kwiindawo ezininzi zokumpompa zenzeka phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo.
2. Seta isixhobo sokususa isando samanzi
(1) Ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yokulawula uxinzelelo rhoqo:
Ekubeni uxinzelelo lwenethiwekhi yemibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi lutshintsha rhoqo ngokutshintsha kweemeko zokusebenza, uxinzelelo oluphantsi okanye uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo luhlala lusenzeka ngexesha lokusebenza kwenkqubo, olunokutsalwa yihammer yamanzi, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo kwimibhobho nakwizixhobo. Inkqubo yolawulo oluzenzekelayo iyasetyenziswa ukulawula uxinzelelo lwenethiwekhi yemibhobho. Ukuchonga, ukulawula impendulo yokuqalisa, ukuyeka kunye nokulungiswa kwesantya sempompo yamanzi, ukulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi, uze ugcine uxinzelelo kwinqanaba elithile. Uxinzelelo lwamanzi lwempompo lunokubekwa ngokulawula ikhompyutha encinci ukugcina unikezelo lwamanzi oluxinzelelweyo rhoqo kunye nokuthintela ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo okugqithisileyo. Amathuba ehammer ayancitshiswa.
(2) Faka isixhobo sokucima ihamile yamanzi
Esi sixhobo sithintela kakhulu ihamile yamanzi xa ipompo imisiwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo ifakelwa kufutshane nombhobho wokuphuma wepompo yamanzi. Sisebenzisa uxinzelelo lombhobho ngokwawo njengamandla okwenza isenzo esizenzekelayo esiphantsi koxinzelelo, oko kukuthi, xa uxinzelelo kumbhobho luphantsi kunexabiso lokukhusela elimiselweyo, idreyini iya kuvula ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ikhuphe amanzi. Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo ukulinganisela uxinzelelo lwemibhobho yasekuhlaleni kunye nokuthintela impembelelo yehamile yamanzi kwizixhobo kunye nemibhobho. Ngokubanzi, iziqhoboshi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: ezoomatshini kunye nezoxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic. Ukuseta kwakhona.
3) Faka ivalvu yokujonga evala kancinci kumbhobho wokukhupha amanzi wepompo yamanzi enkulu
Ingayisusa ngempumelelo ihamile yamanzi xa ipompo imisiwe, kodwa ngenxa yokuba kukho umlinganiselo othile wokubuyela kwamanzi xa ivalvu ivuliwe, umthombo wokufunxa kufuneka ube nombhobho wokugqitha. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeevalvu zokujonga ezivala kancinci: uhlobo lwehamile kunye nohlobo lokugcina amandla. Olu hlobo lwevalvu lunokulungisa ixesha lokuvala ivalvu ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile ngokweemfuno. Ngokubanzi, i-70% ukuya kwi-80% yevalvu ivaliwe ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana emi-3 ukuya kweyesi-7 emva kokusilela kombane, kwaye ixesha lokuvala le-20% ukuya kwi-30% eseleyo lilungiswa ngokweemeko zepompo yamanzi kunye nombhobho, ngokubanzi kuluhlu lwemizuzwana eli-10 ukuya kwengama-30. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ivalvu yokujonga evala kancinci isebenza kakhulu xa kukho i-hump kumbhobho wokuvala ihamile yamanzi.
(4) Misela inqaba yokuntywila ejonge kwicala elinye
Yakhiwe kufutshane nesikhululo sokumpompa okanye kwindawo efanelekileyo yombhobho, kwaye ukuphakama kwenqaba yokushushumbisa enendlela enye kuphantsi kunoxinzelelo lombhobho apho. Xa uxinzelelo kumbhobho luphantsi kunomgangatho wamanzi kwinqaba, inqaba yokushushumbisa iya kubonelela ngamanzi kumbhobho ukuthintela ikholamu yamanzi ukuba ingaphuki kwaye iphephe ihamile yamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, isiphumo sayo sokucinezela kwihamile yamanzi ngaphandle kwehamile yokumisa ipompo, njengehamile yamanzi yokuvala ivalvu, silinganiselwe. Ukongeza, ukusebenza kwevalvu enendlela enye esetyenziswa kwinqaba yokushushumbisa enendlela enye kufuneka kuthembeke ngokupheleleyo. Nje ukuba ivalvu ingasebenzi, inokukhokelela kwiingozi ezinkulu.
(5) Misela umbhobho odlulayo (ivalvu) kwisikhululo sokumpompa
Xa inkqubo yepompo isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, ivalvu yokujonga ivaliwe kuba uxinzelelo lwamanzi kwicala lamanzi oxinzelelo lwepompo luphezulu kunoxinzelelo lwamanzi kwicala lokutsala. Xa umbane uphela ngequbuliso umisa ipompo, uxinzelelo kwindawo yokuphuma yesitishi sokumpompa luyehla kakhulu, ngelixa uxinzelelo kwicala lokutsala lunyuka kakhulu. Phantsi kolu xinzelelo lomahluko, amanzi oxinzelelo oluphezulu oludlulayo kumbhobho ophambili wokutsala amanzi ngamanzi oxinzelelo oludlulayo olutyhala ipleyiti yevalvu yokujonga kwaye lugeleze kumbhobho ophambili wamanzi oxinzelelo, kwaye lonyusa uxinzelelo lwamanzi oluphantsi apho; kwelinye icala, ipompo yamanzi Ukunyusa ihamile yamanzi kwicala lokutsala nako kuyancitshiswa. Ngale ndlela, ukunyuka nokuwa kwehamile yamanzi kumacala omabini esitishi sokumpompa kulawulwa, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa kwaye kuthintelwe iingozi zehamile yamanzi.
(6) Seta ivalvu yokujonga enezigaba ezininzi
Kwipayipi yamanzi ende, yongeza ivalvu enye okanye ezingaphezulu zokujonga, yahlula umbhobho wamanzi ube ngamacandelo aliqela, kwaye ubeke ivalvu yokujonga kwicandelo ngalinye. Xa amanzi kumbhobho wamanzi ebuyela umva ngexesha lenkqubo yehammer yamanzi, iivalvu zokujonga ziyavalwa enye emva kwenye ukuze kwahlulwe ukuhamba kwe-backflush kube ngamacandelo aliqela. Ekubeni intloko ye-hydrostatic kwicandelo ngalinye lombhobho wamanzi (okanye icandelo lokuhamba kwe-backflush) incinci kakhulu, ukuhamba kwamanzi kuyancitshiswa. I-Hammer Boost. Le ndlela yokukhusela ingasetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwiimeko apho umahluko wokuphakama konikezelo lwamanzi wejometri mkhulu; kodwa ayinakususa ithuba lokwahlulwa kwekholamu yamanzi. Eyona ngxaki yayo inkulu kukuba: ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwepompo yamanzi kuyanda ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo, kwaye iindleko zonikezelo lwamanzi ziyanda.
(7) Izixhobo zokukhupha umoya ezizenzekelayo kunye nezixhobo zokuhambisa umoya zifakelwe kwindawo ephezulu yombhobho ukunciphisa impembelelo yehammer yamanzi kumbhobho.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-23-2022