Ukujulwa komzimba wevalvu yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokwenziwa kwevalvu, kwaye umgangatho wevalve yevalve umisela umgangatho wevalvu.Oku kulandelayo kwazisa iindlela ezininzi zenkqubo yokuphosa edla ngokusetyenziswa kushishino lwevalvu:
Ukugalelwa kwesanti:
Ukugalelwa kwesanti okuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa kushishino lwevalvu kunokohlulwa kube yintlabathi eluhlaza, isanti eyomileyo, isanti yeglasi yamanzi kunye nesanti ye-furan ezenza lukhuni ngokwezibophelelo ezahlukeneyo.
(1) Isanti eluhlaza yinkqubo yokubumba esebenzisa i-bentonite njengesibophelelo.
Iimpawu zayo zezi:ukubunjwa kwesanti egqityiweyo akufuneki ukuba kumiswe okanye kuqiniswe, isikhunta sesanti sinamandla athile amanzi, kwaye i-sand core kunye negobolondo le-mold inesivuno esihle, okwenza kube lula ukucoca kunye nokugubha i-castings.Ukusebenza kwemveliso yokubumba kuphezulu, umjikelezo wemveliso umfutshane, ixabiso lezinto eziphathekayo liphantsi, kwaye kulungele ukuququzelela imveliso yomgca wendibano.
Ukungalungi kwayo zezi:I-castings ithande ukuba neziphene ezifana ne-pores, inclusions yesanti, kunye nokunamathela kwisanti, kunye nomgangatho wokuphosa, ngakumbi umgangatho wangaphakathi, awufanelekanga.
Umlinganiselo kunye netafile yentsebenzo yesanti eluhlaza kwiintsimbi zentsimbi:
(2) Isanti eyomileyo yinkqubo yokubumba kusetyenziswa udongwe njengesibophelelo.Ukongeza i-bentonite encinci inokuphucula amandla ayo amanzi.
Iimpawu zayo zezi:ukungunda kwesanti kufuneka komiswe, kungene umoya olungileyo, akuthandeki kwiziphene ezinje ngokuhlanjwa kwesanti, ukuncamathela kwesanti, kunye nemingxuma, kwaye umgangatho wendalo wokugalela ulungile.
Ukungalungi kwayo zezi:ifuna izixhobo zokumisa isanti kwaye umjikelo wemveliso ude.
(3) Isanti yeglasi yamanzi yinkqubo yomfuziselo esebenzisa iglasi yamanzi njengesibophelelo.Iimpawu zayo zezi: iglasi yamanzi inomsebenzi wokuqina ngokuzenzekelayo xa ibonakaliswe kwi-CO2, kwaye ingaba neenzuzo ezahlukeneyo zegesi yokuqina kwendlela yokwenza imodeli kunye nokwenza okungundoqo, kodwa kukho iziphene ezifana nokubola kakubi kwegobolondo lokubumba, ubunzima ekucoceni isanti. ukubunjwa, kunye nesantya esiphantsi sohlaziyo kunye nesantya sokurisayikilisha kwesanti endala.
Umlinganiselo kunye netafile yokusebenza yeglasi yamanzi i-CO2 yesanti eyenza lukhuni:
(4) I-Furan resin ezenza lukhuni ukubumba isanti yinkqubo yokugalela kusetyenziswa i-furan resin njengesibophelelo.Isanti yokubumba iqina ngenxa yokusabela kweekhemikhali ze-binder phantsi kwesenzo se-arhente yokunyanga kwiqondo lokushisa.Uphawu lwayo kukuba isikhunta sesanti asifuni ukomiswa, esinciphisa umjikelezo wemveliso kwaye sigcine amandla.Isanti yokubumba i-resin kulula ukuyidibanisa kwaye ineempawu ezilungileyo zokuqhekeka.Intlabathi yokubumba ye-castings kulula ukuyicoca.Iicastings zinokuchaneka okuphezulu komgangatho kunye nokugqiba okuhle komphezulu, okunokuphucula kakhulu umgangatho wokusaswa.Ukungalungi kwayo zezi: iimfuno zomgangatho ophezulu wesanti ekrwada, ivumba elibi kwindawo yokuvelisa, kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lentlaka.
Umlinganiselo kunye nenkqubo yokuxuba umxube wesanti ye-furan resin no-bake:
Inkqubo yokuxuba isanti ezenza lukhuni i-furan resin: Kungcono ukusebenzisa umxube wesanti oqhubekayo ukwenza isanti ezenza lukhuni.Isanti eluhlaza, i-resin, i-ejenti yokunyanga, njl njl. zongezwa ngokulandelelana kwaye zixutywe ngokukhawuleza.Inokuxutywa kwaye isetyenziswe nangaliphi na ixesha.
Umyalelo wokongezwa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada ehlukeneyo xa uxutywa isanti yeresin umi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Isanti ekrwada + i-arhente yokunyanga (i-p-toluenesulfonic acid isisombululo esinamanzi) – (120 ~ 180S) – intlaka + i-silane – (60 ~ 90S) – imveliso yesanti
(5) Inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokuvelisa isanti:
Ukwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo:
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abavelisi bevalvu banike ingqwalasela ngakumbi nangakumbi kumgangatho wenkangeleko kunye nokuchaneka komgangatho wokusa.Kuba inkangeleko entle yeyona mfuno isisiseko yentengiso, ikwaluphawu lokumisa lwenyathelo lokuqala lomatshini.
Okuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ukuchaneka okuchanekileyo kwishishini levalvu kukuphosa utyalo-mali, olwaziwa ngokufutshane ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
(1) Iindlela ezimbini zenkqubo yokuphosa isisombululo:
① Ukusebenzisa imathiriyeli esekwe kwiwax enobushushu obuphantsi (i-stearic acid + iparafini), inaliti yewax enoxinzelelo oluphantsi, iqokobhe leglasi yamanzi, ukuthotywa kwewax yamanzi ashushu, ukunyibilika kwe-atmospheric kunye nenkqubo yokugalela, ikakhulu esetyenziselwa intsimbi yekhabhoni kunye nealloy ephantsi yokugalelwa kunye neemfuno zomgangatho jikelele. , Ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional of castings kunokufikelela kumgangatho wesizwe we-CT7 ~ 9.
② Ukusebenzisa izinto zokubumba ezisekwe kwiqondo lobushushu eliphakathi, inaliti ephezulu yoxinzelelo lwewax, iqokobhe le-silica sol mold, i-steam dewaxing, i-atmospheric ekhawulezayo okanye inkqubo yokunyibilika kwevacuum, ukuchaneka komgangatho wokujula kunokufikelela kwi-CT4-6 echanekileyo.
(2) Inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokuhamba kotyalo-mali:
(3) Iimpawu zotyalo-mali:
①Ukusatywa kunokuchaneka okuphezulu, umphezulu ogudileyo kunye nomgangatho olungileyo wenkangeleko.
② Kuyenzeka ukuba ujule iinxalenye ezinezakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo kunye neemilo ekunzima ukuziqhuba kunye nezinye iinkqubo.
③ Izinto zokuphosa azikhawulelwanga, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zealloy ezinje: intsimbi yekhabhoni, insimbi engenasici, intsimbi yealloy, ialluminiyamu, ialloy yobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nesinyithi esixabisekileyo, ngakumbi izixhobo zealloyi ekunzima ukuyibumba, ukuwelda kunye nokusika.
④ Ukuguquguquka okuhle kwemveliso kunye nokuguquguquka okuqinileyo.Inokuveliswa ngobuninzi obukhulu, kwaye ifanelekile kwisiqwenga esisodwa okanye imveliso encinci yebhetshi.
⑤ Ukwenziwa kotyalo-mali nako kunemida ethile, efana nale: ukuhamba kwenkqubo enzima kunye nomjikelo omde wemveliso.Ngenxa yobuchule obuncinci bokuphosa obunokuthi busetyenziswe, amandla ayo okunyamezela uxinzelelo angeke abe phezulu kakhulu xa isetyenziselwa ukuphosa i-valve ye-valve yegobolondo elincinci.
Uhlalutyo lweziphene zokuCasa
Nakuphi na ukuphosa kuya kuba neziphene zangaphakathi, ubukho bezi ziphene buya kuzisa iingozi ezinkulu ezifihlakeleyo kumgangatho wangaphakathi wokuphosa, kunye nokulungiswa kwe-welding ukuphelisa ezi ziphene kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kuya kuzisa umthwalo omkhulu kwinkqubo yokuvelisa .Ngokukodwa, iivalve ziyi-coll-shell castings ezimelana noxinzelelo kunye nobushushu, kwaye ukuxinwa kwezakhiwo zabo zangaphakathi kubaluleke kakhulu.Ke ngoko, iziphene zangaphakathi zokuphosa ziba yinto ethatha isigqibo esichaphazela umgangatho wokuphosa.
Iziphene zangaphakathi ze-valve castings ikakhulu ziquka ii-pores, i-slag inclusions, i-shrinkage porosity kunye nokuqhekeka.
(1) Iintunja:Iipores ziveliswa ngerhasi, umphezulu wemibhobho ugudileyo, kwaye uveliswa ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane nomgangatho wokubunjwa, kwaye imilo yazo ijikelezileyo okanye i-oblong.
Imithombo ephambili yerhasi eyenza iipores yile:
① Initrogen kunye nehydrogen inyibilikiswe kwisinyithi ziqulethwe kwisinyithi ngexesha lokuqina kokubunjwa, ukwenza isatyhula evaliweyo okanye iindonga zangaphakathi ezimbhoxo ezinentsimbi ecwebezelayo.
②Ukufuma okanye izinto eziguquguqukayo kwizinto zokubumba ziya kujika zibe yigesi ngenxa yokufudumeza, ukwenza iipores ezinodonga olumnyama lwangaphakathi.
③ Ngethuba lokuthululelwa kwesinyithi, ngenxa yokuhamba okungazinzanga, umoya ubandakanyeka ukwenza iipores.
Indlela yokuthintela isiphene sesisu:
① Ekunyibilikeni, izinto ezikrwada zesinyithi kufuneka zisetyenziswe kancinci okanye hayi, kwaye izixhobo kunye neeleyile kufuneka zibhakwe kwaye zomiswe.
②Ukugalelwa kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo kufuneka kwenziwe kubushushu obuphezulu kwaye kugalelwe kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi, kwaye intsimbi etyhidiweyo kufuneka ithotywe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kube lula ukudada kwigesi.
③ Uyilo lwenkqubo yesikhuphukeli esigalelayo kufuneka sonyuse intloko yoxinzelelo lwentsimbi etyhidiweyo ukunqanda ukubanjiswa kwerhasi, kwaye usete indlela yerhasi eyenziweyo yokukhupha okufanelekileyo.
④Izixhobo zokubumba kufuneka zilawule umthamo wamanzi kunye nomthamo wegesi, zonyuse ukungenwa komoya, kwaye isikhunta sesanti kunye nombindi wesanti kufuneka zibhakwe kwaye zomiswe kangangoko.
(2) Umngxuma ocuthekileyo (okhululekileyo):Yingqungquthela edibeneyo okanye engahambelaniyo yesetyhula okanye i-cavity engaqhelekanga (i-cavity) eyenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-casting (ingakumbi kwindawo eshushu), kunye nomgangatho wangaphakathi obunzima kunye nombala omnyama.Iinkozo zekristale erhabaxa, ubukhulu becala ikwimo yeedendrites, eziqokelelwe kwindawo enye okanye ezingaphezulu, ezithanda ukuvuza ngexesha lovavanyo lwehydraulic.
Isizathu sokushwabana komngxuma (ukukhululeka):Ukucutheka komthamo kwenzeka xa isinyithi siqiniswa ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwisimo esiqinileyo.Ukuba akukho ukuzaliswa kwentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo ngokwaneleyo ngeli xesha, i-shrinkage cavity iya kwenzeka ngokuqinisekileyo.I-shrinkage cavity ye-castings yensimbi ibangelwa ngokusisiseko kulawulo olungafanelekanga lwenkqubo yokuqinisa ngokulandelelana.Izizathu zingabandakanya izicwangciso ezingalunganga zokunyuka, ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu okuthululwa kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo, kunye nokunciphisa isinyithi esikhulu.
Iindlela zokuthintela ukucutheka kwemingxuma (ukukhululeka):① Yila ngokwenzululwazi inkqubo yokugalela yokusa ukuphumeza ukuqiniswa okulandelelanayo kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo, kwaye iindawo eziqinisa kuqala kufuneka zizaliswe ngentsimbi etyhidiweyo.②Seta ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ngokufanelekileyo isikhuphukeli, isibonelelo, intsimbi yangaphakathi nangaphandle ebandayo yokuqinisekisa ukuqina okulandelelanayo.③Xa intsimbi etyhidiweyo igalelwa, inaliti ephezulu evela kwisikhuphukeli iluncedo ukuqinisekisa ubushushu bentsimbi etyhidiweyo kunye nokutya, kunye nokunciphisa ukwenzeka kwemingxuma ecuthekayo.④ Ngokubhekiselele kwisantya sokugalela, ukugalela ngesantya esisezantsi kuluncedo ngakumbi ekuqinisweni okulandelelanayo kunokugalela ngesantya esiphezulu.⑸Amaqondo obushushu okugalela akufunekanga abe phezulu kakhulu.Intsimbi etyhidiweyo ikhutshwe kwisithando somlilo kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kwaye ithululelwe emva kwe-sedation, enenzuzo ekunciphiseni i-shrinkage cavities.
(3) Ukufakwa kwesanti (slag):Ukufakwa kwesanti (i-slag), eyaziwa ngokuba yi-blisters, i-discontinuous setyhula okanye imingxuma engaqhelekanga evela ngaphakathi kwe-castings.Imingxuma ixutywe nesihlabathi sokubumba okanye i-slag yensimbi, kunye nobukhulu obungaqhelekanga kwaye ihlanganiswe kuyo.Indawo enye okanye ngaphezulu, rhoqo ngaphezulu kwindawo ephezulu.
Izizathu zokufakwa kwesanti (slag):Ukufakwa kwe-slag kubangelwa i-slag ye-discrete yensimbi engena kwi-casting kunye nentsimbi etyhidiweyo ngexesha lokunyibilikisa okanye ukugalela.Ukufakwa kwesanti kubangelwa ukungonelanga kwesigxina sokubumba ngexesha lokubumba.Xa intsimbi etyhidiweyo igalelwa kumngxuma wokungunda, isanti ebumbayo ihlanjwa yintsimbi etyhidiweyo ize ingene ngaphakathi ekugaleleni.Ukongezelela, ukusebenza okungafanelekanga ngexesha lokunciphisa kunye nokuvalwa kwebhokisi, kunye nesiganeko sokuwa kwesanti nazo zizizathu zokufakwa kwesanti.
Iindlela zokuthintela ukufakwa kwesanti (slag):① Xa intsimbi etyhidiweyo inyibilikiswa, i-exhaust kunye ne-slag kufuneka ikhutshwe ngokucokisekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.② Zama ukungayijiki ibhegi yokugalela yentsimbi etyhidiweyo, kodwa sebenzisa ingxowa yeti okanye ibhegi yokugalela esezantsi ukunqanda islagi esingaphezulu kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo ukuba singangeni kumngxuma wokujula kunye nentsimbi etyhidiweyo.③ Xa kugalelwa intsimbi etyhidiweyo, amanyathelo kufuneka athathwe ukuthintela i-slag ekungeneni kumgodi wokungunda ngentsimbi etyhidiweyo.④ Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukubakho kokufakwa kwesanti, qinisekisa ukuqina kobumba lwesanti xa usenza imodeli, qaphela ukuba ungalahlekelwa yintlabathi xa ucheba, kwaye uvuthele i-mold cavity ngaphambi kokuvala ibhokisi.
(4) Iintanda:Uninzi lweentanda kwi-castings zishushu ezishushu, ezinemilo engaqhelekanga, ukungena okanye ukungena ngaphakathi, okuqhubekayo okanye okwethutyana, kwaye isinyithi kwiindawo eziqhekezayo zimnyama okanye zine-oxidation yomhlaba.
izizathu zokuqhekeka, oko kukuthi uxinzelelo oluphezulu lobushushu kunye nokuguqulwa kwefilimu yolwelo.
Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lobushushu luxinzelelo olwenziwe yi-shrinkage kunye ne-deformation yensimbi etyhidiweyo kumaqondo aphezulu.Xa uxinzelelo ludlula amandla okanye umda wokuguqulwa kweplastiki yentsimbi kule bushushu, kuya kwenzeka ukuqhekeka.Ukuguqulwa kwefilimu yolwelo kukwenziwa kwefilimu engamanzi phakathi kweenkozo zekristale ngexesha lokuqina kunye nenkqubo yekristali yentsimbi etyhidiweyo.Ngenkqubela phambili yokuqinisa kunye ne-crystallization, ifilimu ye-liquid ikhubazekile.Xa isixa se-deformation kunye nesantya sokuguqulwa sidlula umda othile, ukuqhekeka kwenziwa.Uluhlu lweqondo lobushushu leentanda ze-thermal malunga ne-1200 ~ 1450 ℃.
Izinto ezichaphazela iintanda:
① Izinto ze-S kunye ne-P kwintsimbi zizinto eziyingozi zokuqhekeka, kwaye i-eutectics yazo ngentsimbi inciphisa amandla kunye neplastiki yentsimbi ephoswe kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, okukhokelela ekuqhekekeni.
② Ukufakwa kwe-slag kunye nokwahlula kwintsimbi kwandisa uxinzelelo loxinzelelo, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okutshisayo.
③ Okukhona ukuncipha komlinganiso womgca wodidi lwentsimbi, kokukhona utyekelo lokuqhekeka okushushu.
④ Okukhona ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal yohlobo lwentsimbi, kokukhona ukuxinana komphezulu, kokukhona ubushushu obuphezulu beempawu zemishini, kunye nokuncinci ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushushu.
⑤ Uyilo lolwakhiwo lwe-castings luhlwempuzekileyo kwi-manufacturability, njengeekona ezincinci ezingqukuva, ukungafani okukhulu kodonga, kunye noxinzelelo olunzima, oluya kubangela ukuqhekeka.
⑥Ukubumbana kokungunda kwesanti kuphezulu kakhulu, kwaye isivuno esibi sombindi sithintela ukushwabana kokubunjwa kwaye kwandisa ukuthambekela kweentanda.
⑦ Abanye, njengokucwangciswa okungafanelekanga kokunyuka, ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kwe-casting, uxinzelelo olugqithiseleyo olubangelwa ukusika ukunyuka kunye nokuphathwa kobushushu, njl.
Ngokwezi zizathu kunye nefuthe leentanda ezi ngasentla, amanyathelo ahambelanayo anokuthathwa ukunciphisa kunye nokuphepha ukwenzeka kweziphene zokuqhekeka.
Ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo olungentla lwezizathu zokuphosa iziphene, ukufumana iingxaki ezikhoyo kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okuphucula ahambelanayo, sinokufumana isisombululo sokuphosa iziphene, ezihambelana nokuphuculwa komgangatho wokuphosa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-31-2023