Isihlalo sevalvu yevalvu yebhabhathane sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuvala ngaphakathi kwevalvu yebhabhathane. Umsebenzi waso ophambili kukunxibelelana nepleyiti yebhabhathane (idiski yevalvu) nokwenza umphezulu wokuvala xa ivalvu ivaliwe ukuthintela ukuvuza okuphakathi. Ngokukodwa,isihlalo sevalvu yebhabhathaneingafakwa eludongeni lwangaphakathi lomzimba wevalvu okanye yenzelwe ukudityaniswa nepleyiti yebhabhathane, ixhomekeke kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo kunye nolwakhiwo lwayo ukuze ifumane isiphumo esihle sokutywina.
1. Intshayelelo yoHlelo lweSihlalo seValve yeButterfly
1. 1 Uhlu ngokwezinto ezisetyenziswayo
A. Isihlalo sevalvu ethambileyo nethambileyo
Ngokwesiqhelo kubhekiselwa kwizinto ezifana nerabha, i-silicone, i-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Iingenelo: ukusebenza kakuhle kokutywina, impendulo ekhawulezayo, ifanelekile kubushushu obuphantsi, uxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye nemidiya ebolileyo ephantsi (ngaphandle kwe-PTFE).
Iingxaki: ukungagugi kakuhle, ubomi benkonzo bunqunyelwe kukwaluphala kwezinto.
B. Isihlalo sevalvu yesinyithi
Yenziwe ngentsimbi engatyiwayo, intsimbi yekhabhoni okanye ezinye izinto zesinyithi.
Iingenelo: ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka okunamandla, okufanelekileyo kwiimeko zokusebenza ezinzima.
Iingxaki: iimfuneko eziphezulu zokutywinwa kwesinyithi, ukuchaneka okungqongqo kokucubungula kunye neemfuno zokufakela.
C. Isihlalo sevalvu edibeneyo
Idibanisa iingenelo zesinyithi kunye nezinto ezithambileyo, idla ngokugubungela isakhiwo sesinyithi ngezinto ezithambileyo ezifana negrafiti.
Ayinakuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutywina kuphela, kodwa ikwaphucula nokumelana nokuguguleka kunye nobomi benkonzo.
1.2. Uhlulo ngokwemo yesakhiwo
A. Isihlalo esingasemva esiqinileyo
Isihlalo sevalvu kunye nomqolo zenziwe ngokudibeneyo, zinesakhiwo esilula, kwaye umphezulu wokutywina uhambelana kakuhle nomzimba wevalvu.
Ububi bale ntoisihlalo sevalvu esiqinileyo somqolokukuba xa isihlalo sevalvu sigugile okanye sigugile, yonke ivalvu yebhabhathane kufuneka isuswe ukuze itshintshwe.
B. Isihlalo esithambileyo esisuswayo
Iisihlalo sevalvu esithambileyoyamkela uyilo lwe-dovetail kwaye ingasuswa kwaye ithathelwe indawo ngokwahlukileyo.
Inzuzo kukuba kulula ukuyigcina nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yevalvu yebhabhathane iyonke.
1.3. Ngokwendlela yoyilo olukhethekileyo
A. Ivalvu yebhabhathane engaqhelekanga kabini
Ipleyiti yebhabhathane ihamba ngee-axes ezimbini ezingaqhelekanga xa ivaliwe ukunciphisa ukungqubana koqhagamshelwano nesihlalo sevalvu.
Iingenelo zezi ukuguguleka okunciphileyo, ubomi besihlalo sevalvu obude, kunye nokusebenza ngcono kokutywina.
B. Ivalvu yebhabhathane engaqhelekanga kathathu
Uyilo olongezelelweyo olusekelwe kwimo engaqhelekanga kabini lwenza ipleyiti yebhabhathane kunye nesihlalo sevalvu yesinyithi sikwazi ukufezekisa uqhagamshelwano oluchanekileyo phakathi kwentsimbi nesinyithi.
Ingafikelela kwisiphumo sokuvuza okungenalo nanye kwaye ifanelekile kwiimeko zokusebenza ezifunwa kakhulu (ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nemidiya yoxinzelelo oluphezulu).
Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto zokuhlala zevalvu zineempawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba nezekhemikhali kwaye zifanelekile kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Kweli nqaku, sifunda kwaye sithelekise iintlobo eziphambili, ukusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezihlalo zevalvu ezithambileyo.
Izitulo zeevalvu ze-elastic ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimarike zezi: i-NBR, i-EPDM, i-VITON (FKM), irabha yendalo (NR), i-silicone (i-Silicone Rubber), i-polyurethane (PU), irabha ye-hydrogenated nitrile (HNBR), i-HYPALON (CSM), i-PTFE:
2. Uthelekiso lweePropati zeZixhobo zeValve Seat
| Izinto eziphathekayo | I-NBR (Irabha yeNitrile) | I-EPDM (i-Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber) | I-VITON (iRabha yeFKM/Fluorocarbon) | I-NR (Irabha yendalo) | Irabha yeSilicone | I-PU (iPolyurethane) | I-HNBR (Irabha ye-Nitrile eneHydrogenated) | I-HYPALON (CSM/Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Rubber) | I-PTFE (iPolytetrafluoroethylene, iTeflon) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukumelana neoyile | Igqwesile | Imbi | Ibalaseleyo (iyamelana namafutha kunye neekhemikhali) | Imbi | Imbi | Iphakathi | Igqwesile (iyamelana neoyile, ipetroli, kunye nezinto zokuthambisa) | Iphakathi | Igqwesile (ukumelana neekhemikhali okungcono kakhulu) |
| Ukumelana neekhemikhali | Iphakathi, imelana nee-asidi ezithambileyo kunye neziseko | Igqwesile (iyamelana nee-asidi, ii-bases, kunye ne-oxidizers) | Igqwesile (imelana nee-asidi, iziseko, izinyibilikisi zendalo) | Iphakathi | Igqwesile (iyamelana nezinyibilikisi, ayinatyhefu) | Iphakathi | Ilungile (iyamelana nee-asidi ezithambileyo kunye neziseko) | Igqwesile (iyamelana nee-asidi, ii-bases, kunye ne-oxidizers) | Igqwesile (imelana nazo zonke iikhemikhali) |
| Uluhlu lobushushu (°C) | -30 ~ 100 | -40 ~ 120 (ngokufutshane ukuya kuthi ga kwi-150) | -20 ~ 200 | -50 ~ 70 | -60 ~ 230 | -30 ~ 80 | -40 ~ 150 | -40 ~ 130 | -200 ~ 260 |
| Ukumelana nokunxiba | Kulungile | Iphakathi | Kulungile | Igqwesile (ukumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu) | Iphakathi | Igqwesile (ukumelana nokuguguleka okungcono) | Igqwesile | Kulungile | Imbi (iyaphela lula) |
| Ukumelana namanzi | Iphakathi | Igqibelele kakhulu (ifanelekile kumanzi ashushu kunye nomphunga) | Iphakathi | Kulungile | Igqwesile (ikumgangatho wokutya) | Iphakathi | Kulungile | Igqwesile | Igqwesile (ingangeni manzi) |
| Ukumelana neMozulu (i-UV/i-Ozone) | Ubuhlwempu (ukwaluphala lula) | Igqwesile (ukumelana nemozulu ephezulu) | Kulungile | Iphakathi | Igqwesile (ukumelana nemozulu egqithisileyo) | Iphakathi | Igqwesile (ukumelana nemozulu ephezulu) | Ibalaseleyo (ukumelana nemozulu okugqwesileyo) | Igqwesile (ukumelana ne-UV kunye nokwaluphala) |
| Ukuguquguquka | Kulungile | Igqwesile | Iphakathi | Igqwesile | Igqwesile | Kulungile | Igqwesile | Kulungile | Ubunzima (ukungqubana okuphantsi) |
| Izicelo eziphambili | Ipetroli, ioyile yokuthambisa, iinkqubo zeoyile ye-hydraulic, izitywino zoshishino | Iinkqubo zokubonelela ngamanzi kunye nemibhobho yamanzi, imibhobho yeekhemikhali, iinkqubo zomphunga, izixhobo zangaphandle | Usetyenziso lweekhemikhali ezishushu kakhulu, iinkqubo zepetroli, i-aerospace, iikhemikhali zepetroli | Ukwemba, izixhobo ezinganyangekiyo, ii-linings zoomatshini | Ukutya, amayeza, ukuvalwa kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki, ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obuphezulu nobuphantsi | Ukutywinwa koomatshini, izixhobo ezingagugiyo, ukumbiwa kwemigodi, iinkqubo ze-hydraulic | Iikhemikhali zePetrochemicals, ishishini leemoto, izitywino zeoyile ezishushu kakhulu | Ishishini leekhemikhali, iindawo ezirhabaxa, izixhobo zangaphandle, ukutywinwa okumelana ne-ozone | Iikhemikhali ezirhabaxa ezinamandla, amayeza, ukuvalwa komgangatho wokutya, ukuvalwa kobushushu obuphezulu |
3. Iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza kwizixhobo zesihlalo sevalvu
| Izinto eziphathekayo | Ukumelana neFuel/Oyile | Ukumelana ne-asidi/isiseko | Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu | Ukumelana nobushushu obuphantsi | Ukumelana namanzi | Ukumelana nokunxiba | Ukumelana neMozulu (Ngaphandle, i-Ozone) | Ibanga lokutya |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-NBR | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ |
| I-EPDM | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ |
| I-VITON | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ |
| NR | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ |
| I-silicone | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ |
| PU | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ |
| I-HNBR | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ |
| I-HYPALON | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ |
| I-PTFE | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ |
4. Iingcebiso zoKhetho lwezinto
· Kwizicelo zepetroli, ioyile, okanye ioyile ye-hydraulic→ NBR, HNBR, VITON
· Ukumelana ne-asidi/isiseko kunye neekhemikhali→ EPDM, HYPALON, VITON, PTFE
· Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu (>150°C)→ I-VITON, iSilicone, i-HYPALON, i-PTFE
· Kwizicelo ezisebenzisa ubushushu obuphantsi (<-40°C)→ NR, Silicone, PTFE
· Ukumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu (imigodi, oomatshini)→ NR, PU, HNBR
· Kwizicelo zamanzi okusela kunye nokutya okusemgangathweni→ EPDM, Silicone, PTFE
· Ukumelana ne-ozone yangaphandle kunye ne-EPDM, i-HYPALON, iSilicone, i-PTFE
5. Isiphelo
· I-NBR (iNitrile Rubber): Ilungele ukusetyenziswa kweoyile efana nepetroli, ioyile ye-hydraulic, kodwa ayifanelekanga kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nee-asidi/iziseko.
· I-EPDM (i-Ethylene Propylene Rubber): Ilungele ukucocwa kwamanzi, iikhemikhali kunye neenkqubo zomphunga; ayimelani nemozulu kakhulu kodwa ayimelani neoyile.
· I-VITON (Irabha yeFluorocarbon): Ilungele kakhulu amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ii-asidi/iziseko ezinamandla, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwepetroli.
· I-NR (Irabha Yendalo): Iyamelana nokukrala okuphezulu, isetyenziswa kwimigodi nakwimishini kodwa ayimelani neekhemikhali.
· Irabha yeSilicone: Ilungele amaqondo obushushu aphezulu/aphantsi, ukusetyenziswa okukhuselekileyo ekutyeni, kodwa ayinayo ukumelana nokuguguleka.
· I-PU (iPolyurethane): Ilungele ukumelana nokuguguleka okugqithisileyo, isetyenziswa kwizitywini ze-hydraulic kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemigodi.
· I-HNBR (Irabha ye-Nitrile eneHydrogenated): Ingcono kune-NBR kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokuguguleka, esetyenziswa kumashishini e-petrochemical.
· I-HYPALON (CSM/Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Rubber): Ilungele ukumelana ne-asidi/isiseko kunye nokuvezwa kwemozulu, ilungele ukuvalwa kwe-chemical kunye ne-ozone.
· I-PTFE (iPolytetrafluoroethylene): Eyona imelana neekhemikhali kakhulu, ifanelekile kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kwiindawo ezingcolisayo, kunye nokulungiswa kokutya.