Iivalvu zebhabhathane zisetyenziselwa ukuqala, ukumisa okanye ukulawula ukuhamba kolwelo okanye iigesi ngemibhobho. Zifumana igama lazo kwidiski efana nephiko ejikeleza ngaphakathi komzimba wevalvu, efana nokuhamba kwebhabhathane. Phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeevalvu zebhabhathane, iivalvu zebhabhathane ezisebenzayo kakhulu (HPBV) kunye neevalvu zebhabhathane eziqinileyo zezona zimbini ziqhelekileyo. Olu thelekiso luya kuhlalutya umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ukuze kucaciswe indima yazo kwizicelo zoshishino nezomasipala.
| Uphawu | Ivalvu yebhabhathane egxile kwiConcentric | Ivalvu yeButterfly eSebenza ngokuPhezulu |
| Uyilo | Isiqu esiphakathi kunye nediski | Isiqu esichaseneyo nesihlalo sesinyithi |
| Indlela yokutywina | Isihlalo esithambileyo se-elastomeric | Isihlalo se-RPTFE |
| Uvavanyo loxinzelelo | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-250 PSI | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-600 PSI |
| Uvavanyo lobushushu | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-180°C (356°F) | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-260°C (536°F) |
| Ukunxiba nokukrazula | Iphezulu ngenxa yokudibana kwesihlalo | Iphantsi ngenxa yoyilo lwe-offset |
| Ukufaneleka kwesicelo | Ulwelo oluphantsi koxinzelelo | Ulwelo oluphakathi, olunobushushu obuphezulu |
| Ixabiso | Ezantsi | Phezulu |
1. Uyilo kunye noKwakha
Umahluko ophambili phakathi kweevalvu zebhabhathane eziqinileyo kunye neevalvu zebhabhathane ezisebenza kakuhle usekwe kuyilo lwazo, ngakumbi indawo yesiqu sevalvu kunye nediski yevalvu xa kuthelekiswa nomzimba wevalvu kunye nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.
1.1 Iivalvu zebhabhathane eziqinileyo
Uyilo oluyi-concentric lwaziwa njenge-"zero offset" okanye "resilient seat" valve, elungelelanisa i-valve stem kunye ne-valve disc ngqo embindini womzimba we-valve kunye ne-pipe bore. Olu lungelelwaniso oluphakathi alunasiphambuko.
1.1.1 Intshukumo yeDiski
Idiski ijikeleza i-90° ijikeleze i-axis yesiqu sevalvu, kwaye isuka ekuvulekeni ngokupheleleyo (ngokufana nombhobho) ukuya ekuvalekeni ngokupheleleyo (ngokuthe nkqo kumbhobho) kulo lonke ixesha lokuhamba kwayo.
1.1.2 Indlela yokutywina
Itywina lifezekiswa ngokungena kokuphazamiseka phakathi komphetho wediski yevalvu kunye nesihlalo sevalvu esifana nerabha esiqinileyo (njenge-EPDM, i-acrylic okanye i-fluororubber) esigqume umphezulu wangaphakathi womzimba wevalvu.
1.1.3 Izixhobo
Umzimba wevalvu udla ngokwenziwa ngezinto ezinamandla aphezulu nezimelana nokugqwala ezifana nentsimbi ephoswe ngesinyithi, intsimbi ethambileyo okanye intsimbi engatyiwayo ukuze kusetyenziswe izinto ezingafunekiyo, kuba isihlalo sevalvu yerabha sithintela ukudibana kolwelo nomzimba wevalvu.
Idiski isenokuba yintsimbi engatyiwayo, ibronze yealuminiyam, intsimbi ethambileyo egqunywe nge-ductile, okanye ifakwe isinyithi ngokupheleleyo, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ulwelo lunokubola kangakanani.
1.2 Iivalvu zebhabhathane ezisebenza kakuhle
Ngokwesiqhelo uyilo lwe-double-offset olune-offset ezimbini ezibalulekileyo:
Isiqu sikwi ngasemva kwe diski kunokuba sidlule embindini we diski, kwaye
I-disc kunye ne-stem assembly zibekwe ecaleni komgca ophakathi we-pipe bore.
Ezinye iinguqulelo eziphambili ziquka ii-triple offsets, kodwa i-double offset isemgangathweni kwiimodeli ezisebenza kakuhle.
1.2.1 Intshukumo yeDiski
Ngenxa ye-offset, idiski ijikeleza njenge-cam, inciphisa ukudibana nesihlalo.
1.2.2 Indlela yokutywina
Isihlalo senziwe ngezinto ezihlala ixesha elide, ezifana neTeflon eqinisiweyo, ukumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye namaqondo obushushu. Ngokungafaniyo nesihlalo serabha kwivalvu exineneyo, isitywino siqinile kwaye asixhomekekanga kakhulu ekuguqukeni.
1.2.3 Izixhobo
Umzimba kunye nediski zenziwe ngeentsimbi ezomeleleyo, ezifana nentsimbi engagqwaliyo, intsimbi yekhabhoni, okanye ii-alloys, ukuze zikwazi ukumelana neemeko ezinzima.
1.3 Isishwankathelo: Iimpembelelo zoYilo
Ubulula bevalvu edibeneyo buyenza ibe lula kwaye ibe ncinci, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ilungele ukufakwa ngqo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxhomekeka kwayo kwisihlalo serabha esiguquguqukayo kuyayithintela ukuguquguquka kwayo.
Uyilo oluchaseneyo kunye nezixhobo eziqinileyo zeevalvu ezisebenza kakuhle ziyayiphucula imeko yazo yokuhlala ixesha elide kunye nokuguquguquka, kodwa ngenxa yobunzima nobunzima obukhulayo.
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2. Amandla okusebenza
Ukusebenza yeyona nto itshintshatshintshayo kwezi valve kwaye yileyo abasebenzisi bayixabisayo nabayikhathaleleyo. Ngokukodwa, ihlalutywa ngokwemiqathango yoxinzelelo, ubushushu, isiphumo sokutywina kunye nobomi benkonzo.
2.1 Iivalvu zebhabhathane eziqinileyo
2.1.1 Uvavanyo loxinzelelo
Iivalvu zebhabhathane eziqinileyo ngokubanzi zinokumelana noxinzelelo olufikelela kwi-PN16, kodwa oku kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nezinto ezenziwe ngazo. Ngaphezulu kolu xinzelelo, isihlalo serabha sinokutshintsha okanye singasebenzi.
2.1.2 Uvavanyo lobushushu
Ubushushu obuphezulu buyi-356°F (180°C), bunqunyelwe yimida yobushushu yesihlalo serabha okanye se-PTFE. Ubushushu obuphezulu buya kunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-elastomer kwaye buphazamise ukutywinwa.
2.1.3 Ukusebenza kokutywina
Ingabonelela ngokuvalwa okuthembekileyo kwiinkqubo ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi, kodwa ukungqubana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwediski yevalvu kunye nesihlalo sevalvu kuya kubangela ukuguguleka, okuya kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
2.1.4 Ukucinezela
Ekubeni iivalvu zebhabhathane zilungele ngakumbi ukuvulwa nokuvalwa ngokupheleleyo, ukuba zisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi, ukugoba ixesha elide kuya kukhawulezisa ukuguguleka kwesihlalo sevalvu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba singachaneki kwaye singabi namandla.
2.1.5 Ukuqina
Ukuba izitulo zeevalvu ezithambileyo, ezenziwe ngentsimbi okanye eziqinisiweyo zihlala ixesha elide kunerabha. Uyilo lwe-offset luyandisa ubomi benkonzo ngokunciphisa ukungqubana.
2.2 Ivalvu yebhabhathane esebenza kakuhle
2.2.1 Uvavanyo loxinzelelo
Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esomeleleyo kunye noyilo oluyilwe ngaphandle olunciphisa uxinzelelo kwisihlalo sevalvu, inokumelana noxinzelelo olufikelela kwi-PN16.
2.2.2 Uvavanyo lobushushu
Ekubeni isihlalo sevalvu sisebenzisa i-RPTFE, sinokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kumaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-536°F (280°C).
2.2.3 Ukusebenza kokutywina
Ngenxa yokulingana ngokuchanekileyo kwediski yevalvu ye-offset kunye nesihlalo sevalvu esihlala ixesha elide, ukuvuza kuphantse kube zero kwaye kudla ngokuba kufutshane nokuvalwa komoya. Oku kuyenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo.
2.2.4 Ukucinezela
Ulwakhiwo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwiivalvu zebhabhathane ezisebenza kakuhle zibenza bakwazi ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo ukuhamba kwamanzi nokuba kuxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ukunciphisa ukunxibelelana kwesihlalo kunciphisa ukuguguleka kwaye kugcina ukuthembeka kwetywina kwimijikelo emininzi.
2.2.5 Ukuqina
Njengoko ziqinile ngakumbi, izihlalo zentsimbi okanye eziqinisiweyo zihlala ixesha elide kunerabha. Uyilo lwe-offset luyandisa ubomi benkonzo ngokunciphisa ukungqubana.
2.3 Isishwankathelo: Iimbalasane Zokusebenza
Iivalvu ezixineneyo zifanelekile kwiimeko eziphantsi koxinzelelo, ezizinzileyo, kodwa ziyasilela xa ziphantsi koxinzelelo oluphakathi noluphezulu.
Iivalvu ezisebenza kakuhle zibonelela ngokuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nobomi benkonzo ngexabiso eliphezulu lokuqala.
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3. Izicelo
Ukukhetha phakathi kweevalvu zebhabhathane eziphakathi kunye neevalvu zebhabhathane ezisebenza kakuhle kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zenkqubo ezifakwe kuyo.
3.1 Iivalvu zebhabhathane eziqinileyo
Kwiinkqubo zoxinzelelo/ubushushu obuphantsi ukuya kobuphakathi apho iindleko kunye nokulula zizinto eziphambili.
Iindlela Eziqhelekileyo Zokusebenzisa:
- Amanzi kunye namanzi amdaka: Iipayipi zamanzi zikamasipala, iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela kunye nezokulahla amanzi amdaka ziyaxhamla kuqoqosho lwazo kunye nokwahlulwa kolwelo.
- Ukutya kunye neMithi: Izitulo zerabha zithintela ulwelo olubuthathaka ukuba lungangcoliswa ngumzimba wevalvu.
- Ubonelelo ngeGesi: Imigca yegesi enoxinzelelo oluphantsi iyisebenzisela ukulawula ukuvulwa/ukuvalwa.
- Ukhuseleko lomlilo: Iinkqubo zokutshiza zisebenzisa ithuba lokusebenza ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuthembeka kwazo xa zixinezelekile.
- Umphunga ophantsi koxinzelelo: Ukuze upheke umphunga ukuya kuthi ga kwi-250 PSI kunye ne-350°F.
3.2 Iivalvu zebhabhathane ezisebenza kakuhle
Kwiingcinezelo eziphantsi okanye iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo ezifuna ukuchaneka nokuqina.
Iindlela Eziqhelekileyo Zokusebenzisa:
- Ioyile negesi: Iphatha iikhemikhali ezinobungozi, iikhemikhali zepetrochemicals, kunye neemeko zaselunxwemeni ezinexinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nolwelo olubolayo.
- Ukuveliswa koMbane: Ulawula umphunga oxinzelelweyo kunye namanzi okupholisa kwiiturbines nakwiibhoyila.
- Ukucubungula iikhemikhali: Iyamelana nolwelo olubolayo kwaye igcina ivaliwe ngokuqinileyo kwiindawo eziguquguqukayo.
- I-HVAC: Kwiinkqubo ezinkulu ezifuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo lokuhamba kwamanzi.
- Ukwakha iinqanawa: Iyamelana neemeko zaselwandle kunye nolawulo lolwelo oluphezulu.
3.3 Ukudibana kwezicelo kunye nomahluko
Nangona zombini iivalvu zilawula ukuhamba kwamanzi, iivalvu ezixineneyo zilawula kwiindawo ezingabizi kakhulu, ezingabizi kakhulu, ngelixa iivalvu ezisebenza kakuhle zikhethwa kwiinkqubo zoshishino apho ukungaphumeleli kunokuba nemiphumo emibi.
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4. Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kusetyenzwa
Ukongeza kuyilo kunye nokusetyenziswa, izinto ezisebenzayo ezifana nokufakela, ukugcinwa, kunye nokudibanisa ukulingana kwenkqubo nazo zidlala indima.
4.1 Ufakelo
- I-Concentric: Ufakelo olulula ngenxa yobunzima obulula kunye nokuhambelana okulula kweflange.
- Ukusebenza okuphezulu: Ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo luyimfuneko ngenxa yoyilo lwe-offset, kwaye ubunzima bayo bufuna inkxaso eqinileyo.
4.2 Ukugcinwa
- I-Concentric: Ukugcinwa kwesihlalo kugxila ekutshintsheni isihlalo serabha, okuyindlela yokulungisa ekhawulezayo nengabizi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuguguleka rhoqo kunokunyusa ixesha lokungasebenzi kwiinkqubo zemijikelo ephezulu.
- Ukusebenza kakuhle: Ukugcinwa kwesihlalo akusoloko kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba sihlala ixesha elide, kodwa ukulungiswa (umz., ukutshintshwa kwesihlalo) kubiza kakhulu kwaye kubuchwepheshe, kudla ngokufuna abasebenzi abaziingcali bokugcinwa kwesihlalo abanezixhobo ezikhethekileyo.
4.3 Ukwehla koxinzelelo
- I-Concentric: Iidiski ezibekwe phakathi zibangela ukuxinana ngakumbi xa zivuliwe kancinci, nto leyo enciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezicelo zokucinezela.
- Ukusebenza Okuphezulu: Iidiski ze-offset ziphucula iimpawu zokuhamba, zinciphisa ukuxinana kwe-cavitation kunye nokwehla koxinzelelo, ingakumbi kwisantya esiphezulu.
4.4 Ukusebenza
Zombini iivalvu zingasetyenziswa ngee-actuators ezenziwe ngesandla, ezisebenzisa umoya, okanye ezisebenzisa umbane, kodwa iivalvu ezisebenzayo kakhulu zihlala zidityaniswa nezilawuli eziphambili zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo ngokuchanekileyo kwiindawo zoshishino.
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5. Uhlalutyo lweendleko kunye nomjikelo wobomi
5.1 Ixabiso lokuqala
Iivalvu eziqinileyo zibiza kancinci kuba kulula ukuzakha nokusebenzisa izinto ezincinci. Oku akunjalo ngeevalvu zebhabhathane ezisebenza kakuhle.
5.2 Iindleko zoMjikelo woBomi
Iivalvu ezisebenza kakuhle zihlala zingabizi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha kuba azigcinwa kwaye azitshintshwa rhoqo. Kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo, ukuthembeka kwazo kunokunciphisa iindleko zokungasebenzi.
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6. Isiphelo: Isishwankathelo seeNzuzo kunye nokungalungi
6.1 Ivalvu yebhabhathane egxile kwiConcentric
6.1.1 Iingenelo:
- Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko: Iindleko eziphantsi zokuvelisa kunye nezixhobo ziyenza ibe luncedo kakhulu.
- Uyilo olulula: Kulula ukuyifaka, ukuyisebenzisa, nokuyilungisa, kwaye iindawo zayo azinazo izinto ezininzi ezihambayo.
- Ukwahlulwa kolwelo: Izitulo zerabha zikhusela umzimba wevalvu, zivumela ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingabizi kakhulu kwaye zigcina ubunyulu bolwelo.
- Ilula: Ilungele ukusetyenziswa apho ubunzima buyinto exhalabisayo.
6.1.2 Iingxaki:
- Uluhlu olulinganiselweyo: Imida ephezulu yi-250 PSI kunye ne-356°F, nto leyo ethintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiimeko ezinzima.
- Inokuguguleka: Ukungqubana kwesihlalo rhoqo kunokukhokelela ekusebenzeni kakubi, nto leyo edinga ukulungiswa rhoqo.
- Ukusebenza kakubi kokugoba koxinzelelo oluphezulu: Ilahlekelwa kukuchaneka kunye nokutywinwa phantsi koxinzelelo.
6.2 Iivalvu zebhabhathane ezisebenza kakuhle
6.2.1 Iingenelo:
- Ubungakanani obuphezulu: Iyakwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo oluphakathi ukuya koluphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-600 PSI) kunye namaqondo obushushu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-536°F).
- Ubomi obude benkonzo: Ukuncipha kokuguguleka kwesihlalo kunye nezinto ezihlala ixesha elide kwandisa ubomi benkonzo.
- Ukuchaneka: Iyakwazi ukuqhobosha nokuvala kakuhle nokuba imeko inzima.
- Ukuguquguquka: Ifanelekile kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zolwelo kunye neendawo ezingqongileyo.
6.2.2 Iingxaki:
- Ixabiso Eliphezulu: Izixhobo ezibizayo kunye noyilo oluntsonkothileyo kwandisa utyalo-mali oluza kuqala.
- Ubunzima: Ukufakelwa nokulungiswa kufuna ubuchule obungakumbi.
- Ubunzima: Ukwakhiwa okunzima kunokwenza kube nzima ukufakelwa ezinye iinkqubo.
Iivalvu zeebhabhathane ezikwi-Concentric kunye neevalvu zeebhabhathane ezikwi-high-performance zisebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kodwa ezahlukeneyo kulawulo lolwelo. Uyilo lwesihlalo serabha esingena-offset sevalvu ekwi-concentric luyenza ibe lukhetho olusebenzayo nolufikelelekayo kwiindlela eziphakathi ezifana nokubonelela ngamanzi, ukulungiswa kokutya okanye ukukhuselwa kumlilo. Ukuba ukusebenza kunye nokuqina akunakuxoxiswana, ke ivalvu yeebhabhathane ezikwi-high-performance yimpendulo. Kwiindlela ezifakwe phantsi komhlaba (ezifana nemibhobho engaphantsi komhlaba), zombini ezi ndlela zingasetyenziswa, kodwa ubunzima obulula kunye nexabiso eliphantsi levalvu ekwi-concentric zihlala zisebenza ngaphandle kokuba iimeko ezinzima zifuna enye indlela.