Ukwahlulwa kunye nesikhokelo sokufakelwa kweevalvu zokujonga
Isishwankathelo sevalvu yokujonga
Iivalvu zokukhangela zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokulawula ulwelo, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiprojekthi zokugcina amanzi, iikhemikhali zepetroli, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo nakwezinye iindawo. Umsebenzi waso ophambili kukuthintela ukubuya kwemidiya nokuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwemidiya ngendlela enye kwinkqubo yepayipi. Uhlu kunye nolwalathiso lokufakelwa kweevalvu zokukhangela zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwazo kunye nobomi benkonzo. Eli nqaku liza kwazisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeevalvu zokukhangela kunye nezinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokweenkcukacha malunga nemiyalelo yokufakela kwazo.
Iintlobo eziphambili zeevalvu zokujonga
Ngokwesakhiwo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza, iivalvu zokujonga zahlulwe ngokubanzi zibe ziintlobo ezilandelayo:
1. Ivalvu yokujonga iipleyiti ezimbini
2. Ivalvu yokujonga ilifti
3. Ivalvu yokujonga ibhola
4. Ivalvu yokujonga iswingi
Uhlobo lwendlela yokufaka ivalvu yokujonga
1. Ufakelo oluthe tye: ibhekisa kwindlela yokufaka ivalvu yokujonga kwipayipi ethe tye, edla ngokusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zepayipi ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi, kwaye ububanzi beflephu yevalvu bukhulu kunobubanzi bepayipi.
2. Ufakelo oluthe nkqo: ibhekisa kwindlela yokufaka ivalvu yokujonga kwipayipi ethe nkqo, edla ngokusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zepayipi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye ububanzi beflephu yevalvu buncinci kunobubanzi bepayipi.
1. Ivalvu yokujonga iidiski ezimbini
Ivalvu yokujonga idiski ezimbini: idla ngokuba neediski ezimbini ezizii-semicircular ezijikeleza isiqu zithe nkqo kumgca ophakathi wokuhamba kolwelo. Iivalvu zokujonga iidiski ezimbini ziivalvu ezincinci ezinobude obuncinci. Zifakelwa phakathi kweeflanges ezimbini. Ngokuqhelekileyo zibotshelelwe okanye zifakwe iflanges. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kwiipayipi ezinobubanzi obuyi-≤1200mm.
Isikhokelo sokufakelwa kwevalvu yokujonga idiski ezimbini
Iivalvu zokujonga iidiski ezimbini zingafakelwa ngokuthe tye okanye ngokuthe nkqo kumbhobho. Ukufakelwa ngokuthe tye kungenza ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwevalvu yokujonga kuchaphazeleke ngumxhuzulane, okwenza isantya sayo sokuvula sizinze ngakumbi kwaye kunciphise ngempumelelo ukulahleka koxinzelelo lombhobho. Ukufakelwa ngokuthe nkqo kungenza ivalvu ichaphazeleke ngumxhuzulane xa ivaliwe, okwenza isitywino sayo siqine ngakumbi. Ukongeza, ukufakelwa ngokuthe nkqo kunokuthintela idiski yevalvu yokujonga ukuba ingangcangcazeli ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kolwelo, ukunciphisa ukugungqa kwediski kunye nesihlalo sevalvu, kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yevalvu.
2. Ivalvu yokujonga iswingi
Iivalvu zokujonga ukujikayiba nediski yevalvu. Xa i-medium isiya phambili, idiski yevalvu iyatyhalelwa evulekileyo; xa i-medium isiya kwicala elingasemva, idiski yevalvu iyaxhuzulwa ibuyele kwisihlalo sevalvu ukuthintela ukubuya kwamanzi. Olu hlobo lwevalvu luhlala lusetyenziswa kwimibhobho emikhulu ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esilula kunye nokumelana okuphantsi.
Isikhokelo sokufakelwa kwevalvu yokujonga iSwing
Iivalvu zokujonga iswing zinokufakwa ngokuthe tye okanye ngokuthe nkqo, kodwa ngokubanzi kucetyiswa ukuba zifakwe kwiipayipi ezithe tye. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yokwenyani, ivalvu yokujonga iswing nayo ingafakwa ngokungenamphetho, lo gama nje i-engile yokufakela ingadluli kwi-45 degrees kwaye indawo yokufakela ifanelekile, ayizukuchaphazela imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yokuvula nokuvala kwevalvu.
3. Ivalvu yokujonga ukuphakama ethe tye
Idiski yevalvu yevalvu yokujonga ukuphakanyiswa ethe tye ihamba phezulu nasezantsi ecaleni kwereyile yesikhokelo emzimbeni wevalvu. Xa i-medium isiya phambili, idiski yevalvu iyaphakanyiswa; xa i-medium isiya kwicala elingasemva, idiski yevalvu ibuyela kwisihlalo sevalvu ukuthintela ukubuya kwamanzi.
Isikhokelo sokufakelwa kwevalvu yokujonga ukuphakanyiswa ethe tye
Ivalvu yokujonga ukuphakama ethe tye kufuneka ifakwe kumbhobho othe tyaba. Ngenxa yokuba xa ifakwe ngokuthe nkqo, umongo wayo wevalvu ukwimeko ethe tyaba, ukusebenza kwayo phakathi kunye nesihlalo sevalvu kwehla phantsi kobunzima bayo, nto leyo echaphazela ukusebenza kokutywinwa komongo wevalvu.
4. Ivalvu yokujonga ukuphakama okuthe nkqo
Ngokwe-verticaliivalvu zokujonga ukuphakama, indlela yokuhamba kwesiseko sevalvu ihambelana necala lombhobho. Kwaye umbindi wesiseko sevalvu uhambelana nombindi wetshaneli yokuhamba.
Isikhokelo sokufakelwa kwevalvu yokujonga ukuphakama okuthe nkqo
Iivalvu zokujonga ezithe nkqo mazifakwe ngokuthe nkqo kwimibhobho apho i-medium inyuka khona, kuba amandla angaphantsi komhlaba anceda idiski yevalvu ivale ngokukhawuleza xa amanzi eyeka.
5. Ivalvu yokujonga ibhola
Ivalvu yokujonga ibhola isebenzisa ibhola ehamba phezulu nasezantsi emzimbeni wevalvu. Xa i-medium isiya phambili, ibhola ityhalelwa kude nesihlalo sevalvu, umjelo uyavuleka, kwaye i-medium idlula; xa i-medium isiya kwicala elingasemva, ibhola ibuyela kwisihlalo sevalvu ukuthintela ukubuya kwamanzi.
Isikhokelo sokufakelwa kwevalvu yokujonga ibhola
Iivalvu zokujonga ibhola zingafakwa kwiipayipi ezithe tye, kodwa zilungele ngakumbi ukufakwa ngokuthe nkqo, ingakumbi xa i-medium inyuka iye phezulu. Ubunzima obungaphelelanga bebhola bunceda ukuvala ivalvu xa ukuhamba kwayo kuyeka.
Izinto ezichaphazela ukufakwa ngokuthe nkqo kwevalvu yokujonga
Xa ufaka ivalvu yokujonga ngokuthe nkqo, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe izinto ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo ngokufanelekileyo:
1. Icala lokuhamba komoya
Xa kufakwa ngokuthe nkqo, indlela yokuhamba kwesixhobo esiphakathi ibalulekile. Xa sinyuka siye phezulu, idiski yevalvu inokuvulwa ngoxinzelelo lwesixhobo esiphakathi, kwaye ukuvala ngumxhuzulane onceda idiski yevalvu ibuyele kwindawo yayo, ngelixa xa sihla siye ezantsi, kunokufuneka amanyathelo ongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ivalvu ivala ngokuthembekileyo.
2. Isiphumo somxhuzulane
Umxhuzulane uchaphazela ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwevalvu. Iivalvu ezixhomekeke kumxhuzulane ukuze zivale, ezifana neevalvu eziphindwe kabini kunye neevalvu zokujonga ukuphakama, zisebenza ngcono xa zihamba ngokuthe nkqo zisiya phezulu.
3. Iimpawu zeendaba
Iimpawu ze-media, ezinje nge-viscosity, uxinano, kunye nomxholo we-particle, zichaphazela ukusebenza kwe-valve. I-media ene-viscous okanye equlethe i-particle ingafuna uyilo oluqinileyo kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwe-valve.
4. Indawo yokufakela
Indawo yokufaka, kuquka ubushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nokubakho kwezinto ezirhabaxa, kuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kunye nobomi bevalvu. Ukukhetha izixhobo kunye noyilo olufanelekileyo kwindawo ethile kunokwandisa ubomi bevalvu.
Iingenelo zokufakelwa ngokuthe nkqo yevalvu yokujonga
1. Ukusetyenziswa komxhuzulane
Kwimeko yokunyuka komoya we-media, amandla angaphantsi komhlaba anceda ivalvu ukuba ivale, iphucule ukusebenza kokutywina, kwaye ayifuni ncedo lwangaphandle.
2. Nciphisa ukuguguleka
Ukusebenzisa ubunzima be-media kunye nepleyiti yevalvu ukuvala ivalvu yokujonga kunokunciphisa ukungcangcazela, ukunciphisa ukuguguleka, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yevalvu, kunye nokunciphisa amaxesha okugcinwa kwayo.
Iingxaki zokufakelwa ngokuthe nkqoyevalvu yokujonga
1. Ukumelana nokuhamba kwamanzi
Ukufakelwa ngokuthe nkqo kunokunyusa ukumelana nokuhamba kwamanzi, ingakumbi kwiivalvu zokujonga ukuphakama okuthe nkqo, ekufuneka zimelane kungekuphela nje nobunzima bepleyiti yevalvu, kodwa noxinzelelo olunikwa yintwasahlobo engaphezulu kwepleyiti yevalvu. Oku kuya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okwandisiweyo.
2. Isiganeko sesando samanzi
Xa i-medium isiya phezulu, amandla e-check valve kunye nobunzima be-medium ziya kwandisa uxinzelelo kumbhobho, okwenza kube lula ukubangela i-water hammer.