Intshayelelo: Kutheni imigangatho ye-API ibaluleke kangaka kwiivalvu zoshishino?
Kwimizi-mveliso enobungozi obukhulu efana neoyile negesi, iikhemikhali kunye namandla, ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kweevalvu kunokuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo uzinzo lweenkqubo zemveliso. Imigangatho ebekwe yi-API (i-American Petroleum Institute) yibhayibhile yobugcisa yeevalvu zoshishino kwihlabathi liphela. Phakathi kwazo, i-API 607 kunye ne-API 608 ziinkcukacha eziphambili ezihlala zikhankanywa ziinjineli kunye nabathengi.
Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya nzulu umahluko, iimeko zokusetyenziswa kunye neendawo zokuthobela le migangatho mibini.
Isahluko 1: Ukutolikwa okunzulu komgangatho we-API 607
1.1 Inkcazo eqhelekileyo kunye nomsebenzi ophambili
I-API 607 "Inkcazo yovavanyo lomlilo yeevalvu ezijika i-1/4 kunye neevalvu zesihlalo sevalvu ezingezizo zentsimbi" igxile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kokutywinwa kweevalvu phantsi kweemeko zomlilo. Uhlelo lwesi-7 lwamva nje lonyusa ubushushu bovavanyo ukusuka kwi-1400°F (760°C) ukuya kwi-1500°F (816°C) ukuze kulinganiswe iimeko zomlilo ezinzima ngakumbi.
1.2 Inkcazo eneenkcukacha zeeparamitha zovavanyo oluphambili
- Ubude bomlilo: imizuzu engama-30 yokutsha okuqhubekayo + imizuzu eli-15 yexesha lokupholisa
- Umgangatho wezinga lokuvuza: Ukuvuza okuphezulu okuvumelekileyo akudluli kwi-ISO 5208 Rate A
- Indlela yokuvavanya: Uvavanyo oludibeneyo lwegesi evuthayo (i-methane/igesi yendalo) kunye namanzi
- Imeko yoxinzelelo: Uvavanyo olunamandla lwe-80% yoxinzelelo olulinganisiweyo
Isahluko 2: Uhlalutyo lobuchwephesha lomgangatho we-API 608
2.1 Indawo esemgangathweni kunye nobubanzi besicelo
I-API 608 "Iivalavu zebhola zesinyithi ezineephelo zeflange, iziphelo zentambo kunye neziphelo ze-welding" imisela iimfuno zobugcisa zenkqubo yonke ukusuka kuyilo ukuya ekuvelisweni kweevalavu zebhola, igubungela uluhlu lobungakanani be-DN8 ~ DN600 (NPS 1/4 ~ 24), kunye nenqanaba loxinzelelo lwe-ASME CL150 ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2500LB.
2.2 Iimfuno eziphambili zoyilo
- Ulwakhiwo lomzimba wevalvu: iinkcukacha zenkqubo yokuphosa enenxalenye enye/eyahlulweyo
- Inkqubo yokutywina: iimfuno eziyimfuneko zomsebenzi we-double block kunye ne-bleed (DBB)
- I-torque yokusebenza: amandla aphezulu okusebenza awadluli kwi-360N·m
2.3 Izinto ezibalulekileyo zovavanyo
- Uvavanyo lwamandla eqokobhe: uxinzelelo oluphindwe ka-1.5 kangangemizuzu emi-3
- Uvavanyo lokutywina: Uvavanyo loxinzelelo oluphindwe kabini olulinganisiweyo ngokuphindwe ka-1.1
- Ubomi bomjikelo: ubuncinci ukuqinisekiswa kokusebenza okupheleleyo kokuvula nokuvala okungama-3,000
Isahluko 3: Umahluko ophakathi kwe-API 607 kunye ne-API 608
| Ubukhulu bokuthelekisa | I-API 607 | I-API 608 |
| Indawo esemgangathweni | Isiqinisekiso sokusebenza komlilo | Uyilo lwemveliso kunye neenkcukacha zokwenziwa kwayo |
| Isigaba esisebenzayo | Inqanaba lokuqinisekiswa kwemveliso | Lonke uyilo kunye nenkqubo yemveliso |
| Indlela yovavanyo | Ukulinganisa umlilo otshabalalisayo | Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo loxinzelelo/lokusebenza |
Isahluko 4: Isigqibo sokukhetha ubunjineli
4.1 Indibaniselwano eyimfuneko kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu
Kwiiplatifomu zaselwandle, iiterminal ze-LNG kunye nezinye iindawo, kucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe:
Ivalvu yebhola ye-API 608 + isiqinisekiso sokukhusela umlilo se-API 607 + isiqinisekiso senqanaba lokhuseleko lwe-SIL
4.2 Isisombululo sokwenza ngcono iindleko
Kwiimeko zokusebenza zesiqhelo, ungakhetha:
Ivalvu esemgangathweni ye-API 608 + ukhuseleko lomlilo lwendawo (njengokwaleka okungatshiyo)
4.3 Isilumkiso malunga nokungaqondani okuqhelekileyo kokukhetha
- Ndikholelwa ngempazamo ukuba i-API 608 ibandakanya iimfuno zokukhusela umlilo
- Uvavanyo lwe-API 607 olulinganayo novavanyo lokutywina oluqhelekileyo
- Ukungahoyi uhlolo lwezatifikethi oluvela kwifektri (iimfuno zenkqubo ye-API Q1)
Isahluko 5: Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo)
Umbuzo 1: Ngaba ivalvu ye-API 608 iyahlangabezana ngokuzenzekelayo neemfuno ze-API 607?
A: Ayiyonyani ngokupheleleyo. Nangona iivalvu zebhola ze-API 608 zinokusebenza kwisiqinisekiso se-API 607, kufuneka zivavanyelwe ngokwahlukeneyo.
Umbuzo 2: Ngaba ivalvu ingaqhubeka nokusetyenziswa emva kovavanyo lomlilo?
A: Akukhuthazwa. Iivalvu emva kovavanyo zihlala zinomonakalo kwisakhiwo kwaye kufuneka zilahlwe.
Umbuzo 3: Le migangatho mibini iyichaphazela njani ixabiso leevalvu?
A: Isiqinisekiso se-API 607 songeza iindleko nge-30-50%, kwaye ukuthotyelwa kwe-API 608 kuchaphazela malunga ne-15-20%.
Isiphelo:
• I-API 607 ibalulekile ekuvavanyweni komlilo kweevalvu zebhabhathane ezithambileyo kunye neevalvu zebhola.
• I-API 608 iqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kweevalvu zentsimbi kunye nezihlalo ezithambileyo ezisetyenziswa kwizicelo zoshishino.
• Ukuba ukhuseleko lomlilo yeyona nto iphambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe, kufuneka iivalvu ezihambelana nemigangatho ye-API 607.
• Ukulungiselela iinjongo ngokubanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwevalvu yebhola enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, i-API 608 ngumgangatho ofanelekileyo.